Synthesis of graphene: Potential carbon precursors and approaches

Nanotechnology Reviews

article

Yuxin Yan¹  Fathima Zahra Nashath²  Sharon Chen³  Sivakumar Manickam⁴  Siew Shee Lim²  Haitao Zhao⁵  Edward Lester⁶  Tao Wu¹  Cheng Heng Pang³ 

[1] Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China;Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia;Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China;Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei;Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States of America;Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Nottingham, United Kingdom;New Materials Institute, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China;Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Conversion Technologies, University of Nottingham Ningbo China

关键词: graphite;    top–down;    bottom–up;    biomass;    polymer;    coal;    glucose;    ethanol;    cheese;    methane;   

DOI  :  10.1515/ntrev-2020-0100

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: De Gruyter

【 摘 要 】

Graphene is an advanced carbon functional material with inherent unique properties that make it suitable for a wide range of applications. It can be synthesized through either the top–down approach involving delamination of graphitic materials or the bottom–up approach involving graphene assembly from smaller building units. Common top–down approaches are exfoliation and reduction while bottom–up approaches include chemical vapour deposition, epitaxial growth, and pyrolysis. A range of materials have been successfully used as precursors in various synthesis methods to derive graphene. This review analyses and discusses the suitability of conventional, plant- and animal-derived, chemical, and fossil precursors for graphene synthesis. Together with its associated technical feasibility and economic and environmental impacts, the quality of resultant graphene is critically assessed and discussed. After evaluating the parameters mentioned above, the most appropriate synthesis method for each precursor is identified. While graphite is currently the most common precursor for graphene synthesis, several other precursors have the potential to synthesize graphene of comparable, if not better, quality and yield. Thus, this review provides an overview and insights into identifying the potential of various carbon precursors for large-scale and commercial production of fit-for-purpose graphene for specific applications.

【 授权许可】

CC BY