Electrochemical quantification of fluoxetine in pharmaceutical formulation using carbon nanoparticles

Micro & nano letters

article

Ali Mohammadi¹  Abdolmajid Bayandori Moghaddam³  Elham Alikhani⁴  Kordestan Eilkhanizadeh¹  Shahla Mozaffari⁴ 

[1] Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences;Faculty of Pharmacy, Nanotechnology Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences;Department of Engineering Science, College of Engineering, University of Tehran;Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University;Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences

关键词: biomedical materials;    carbon;    diffusion;    drugs;    electrochemical electrodes;    electrochemical sensors;    nanofabrication;    nanoparticles;    nanoporous materials;    oxidation;    pH;    scanning electron microscopy;    voltammetry (chemical analysis);    nanosensors;    nanomedicine;    C;    mean recovery accuracy;    capsules;    linear calibration graphs;    buffer solution;    differential pulse voltammograms;    differential pulse detection;    electrochemical response;    nanoporous film;    diffusion;    peak currents;    electroactive surface area;    porous layer;    scanning electron microscopy;    potential scan rate;    pH concentration;    fluoxetine electro-oxidation potentials;    fluoxetine electro-oxidation currents;    antidepressant drug fluoxetine;    glassy carbon electrode;    sensitive electrochemical sensor;    carbon nanoparticles;    pharmaceutical formulation;    electrochemical quantification;   

DOI  :  10.1049/mnl.2013.0671

学科分类：计算机科学（综合）

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Background & Objectives: Treatment of chronic pain using NSAIDs, steroids, opioids, and herbs has been associated with many complications with the long-term use. Wet cupping therapy (WCT) has been used to reduce pain, by triggering mu opioid receptor expression. We conducted this study to compare the effectiveness between WCT with oral opioids for pain management. Methodology: It was an experimental study with randomized control group post-test only design. Thirty two male white rats of strain Wistar were divided into four groups: (1) Group-NC; mice in this group were given nothing as a negative control group, (2) Group-CFA; group that was given Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) only as a positive control group, (3) Group-WCT; mice were given CFA and WCT, and (4) Group-O was given CFA and oral opioids. The measured variables were pain threshold value and mu opioid receptors. Statistical analysis was done us(ing SPSS software (version 22.0, Chicago, IL). Results: The results showed no significant differences in the expression of mu opioid receptors between Group-NC and Group-CFA (p = 0.061). There were significant differences in the expression of opioid receptors between Group-CFA and Group-WCT (p < 0.001), and also between WCT group and Group-O (p = 0.002). The differences of pain threshold value were only significant between Group-NC (p = 0,006) and Group-CFA (p = 0,013) with Group-O. Conclusion: Wet cupping therapy triggers the expression of mu opioid receptors. Wet cupping therapy as effective in relieving pain as opioids.

【 授权许可】

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