Enhanced photoactivity in nitrogen-doped KM 0.33 W 1.67 O 6 (M = Al and Cr)

Micro & nano letters

article

G. Ravi¹  P. Shrujana¹  S. Palla¹  J. R. Reddy¹  R. Guje¹  R. Velchuri¹  M. Vithal¹ 

[1] Department of Chemistry, Osmania University

关键词: aluminium compounds;    catalysis;    catalysts;    chromium compounds;    crystallisation;    energy gap;    nitrogen;    photochemistry;    potassium compounds;    scanning electron microscopy;    space groups;    thermal analysis;    ultraviolet spectra;    visible spectra;    X-ray chemical analysis;    X-ray diffraction;    X-ray photoelectron spectra;    enhanced photoactivity;    nitrogen doped KAW materials;    photocatalysis;    visible light active photocatalysts;    science field;    engineering field;    solid state method;    urea;    nitrogen source;    KCr0.33W1.67O6-xNy;    KAl0.33W1.67O6-xNy;    photocatalytic degradation;    methylene blue solution;    band gap energy;    space group;    cubic lattice;    crystallization;    UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy;    XPS;    X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy;    energy dispersive spectra;    scanning electron microscopy;    powder X-ray diffraction;    thermogravimetric analysis;   

DOI  :  10.1049/mnl.2013.0595

学科分类：计算机科学（综合）

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Background & Aims: Most of the women with cardiovascular diseases suffer from worsening of their clinical condition during pregnancy. It is caused by cardiovascular physiological changes during pregnancy and increased demand of oxygen-metabolic system. Spinal anesthesia is the most commonly used technique in cesarean section (CS) patients, but there are concerns about sudden hemodynamic decrease. We aimed to investigate the use of low dose hyperbaric bupivacaine 5 mg combined with 50 μg fentanyl for caesarean section in patient with heart disease.Methodology: This study is a retrospective study in 33 patients with maternal heart disease undergoing CS under low dose spinal anesthesia in Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang Indonesia from September 2017 until September 2018. The spinal regimen was administered with 5 mg bupivacaine heavy 0.5% combined with 50 μg fentanyl. We evaluated the hemodynamic preoperative, post injection of spinal anesthetics, postdelivery, and at the end of surgery. We also evaluated Bromage score, Apgar score of the baby, and satisfaction level by the obstetrician.Results: Combination of low dose spinal and opioid for the CS delivery show no significant hypotension effects. Hemodynamic stabilization was achieved. Furthermore, target blocked was reached well in all cases, no significant changes in Apgar score of the baby, and obstetrician satisfied with motor relaxation.Conclusion: Low dose spinal anesthesia using 5 mg of bupivacaine heavy 0.5% and adjuvant opioid fentanyl 50 μg can be successfully used for the performance of CS delivery satisfactory block, good fetal outcome, and impressive cardiovascular stability.

【 授权许可】

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