Directional acoustic response of a silicon disc-based microelectromechanical systems structure

Micro & nano letters

article

David James Mackie¹  Joseph Curt Jackson¹  James Gordon Brown²  Deepak Uttamchandani²  James Frederick Charles Windmill¹ 

[1] Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Centre for Ultrasonic Engineering, University of Strathclyde, G1 1XW United Kingdom;Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Centre for Microsystems and Photonics, University of Strathclyde, G1 1XW United Kingdom

关键词: silicon;    elemental semiconductors;    microsensors;    microfabrication;    microphones;    modal analysis;    Doppler measurement;    measurement by laser beam;    finite element analysis;    directional acoustic response;    silicon disc-based microelectromechanical systems;    MEMS-based structure;    directional acoustical sensor;    SOIMUMPS foundry process;    circular discs;    central suspension beam;    MEMS microphones;    directional hearing organ;    parasitoid fly;    Ormia ochracea;    modal analysis;    mechanical acoustic directionality analysis;    laser Doppler vibrometry;    finite element modelling;    relative vibration amplitudes;    Si;   

DOI  :  10.1049/mnl.2013.0677

学科分类：计算机科学（综合）

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Post-Herpetic Neuralgia (PHN) is a painful and debilitating complication of Herpes Zoster or Shingles (HZ). HZ is caused by reactivation of Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) and manifests as painful skin rash. Persistent pain for three or more months after the healing of HZ rash is termed as PHN. Elderly patients are more susceptible to develop HZ due to age related decline in immunity, a factor attributed to the reactivation of VZV residing in Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG) after the first exposure. Older age, increased rash severity, severe pain, and female sex are some of the major risk factors for developing PHN following HZ. The risk of having PHN is five times higher in older adults of more than 80 years age while more than 50% of adults older than 70 years with HZ may develop PHN. Treatment of PHN in elderly is a complex and challenging task. The risk of serious adverse events with oral medications is high due to factors such as polypharmacy for multi morbidity (drug interaction) and altered pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profile (unexpected response, delayed clearance, etc.). Topical Capsaicin 8% patch is a safe and effective therapy for PHN in elderly patients. It significantly reduces pain for months after single application for 60 minutes and well tolerated even on repeated applications. Capsaicin 8% minimally absorbed into systemic circulation and rapidly metabolized in the liver, therefore the risk of drug interaction is negligible. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of Capsaicin 8% patch make it a suitable choice to be considered as first line therapy of PHN in elderly patients.

【 授权许可】

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