Preparation of zirconia-doped titania superacid and its application in viscosity reduction of heavy oil

Micro & nano letters

article

Yiguang Li¹  Xueliang Liu¹  Xiaohong Li¹  Zhijun Zhang¹  Mengyun Zhao²  Changming Su² 

[1] Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University;Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Production

关键词: zirconium compounds;    titanium compounds;    viscosity;    sulphur compounds;    transmission electron microscopy;    field emission electron microscopy;    scanning electron microscopy;    X-ray diffraction;    Fourier transform infrared spectra;    catalysis;    resins;    pyrolysis;    materials preparation;    zirconia-doped titania superacid;    viscosity reduction;    heavy oil;    sulphated titania superacid;    sulphated zirconia-doped titania superacid;    SO42−-ZrO2-TiO2;    SO42−-TiO2;    asphalt composition;    resin;    aromatic hydrocarbon;    saturated hydrocarbon;    aquathermolysis reaction;    catalytic performance;    Fourier transform infrared spectrometry;    X-ray diffraction;    field emission scanning electron microscopy;    transmission electron microscopy;    liquid-phase in-situ method;   

DOI  :  10.1049/mnl.2015.0529

学科分类：计算机科学（综合）

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Lingual thyroid (LT) gland is a rare clinical entity which occurs due to failure of thyroid gland to descend to its normal cervical location during embryogenesis. Maternal antithyroid immunoglobulins may impair gland descent during early fetal life and cause lingual thyroid. This condition is associated with increase in levels of thyroid stimulating harmone (TSH). As the ectopic thyroid grows, requirement of thyroid harmone increases thus many patients with ectopic thyroid are associated with hypothyroid and require treatment. Ectopic thyroid gland is located at base of tongue and can present with dysphagia, dysphonia, upper airway obstruction and hemorrhage. Oropharyngeal mass can lead to difficult intubation and failure of ventilation. Evaluation of airway and indirect laryngoscopy may hint towards need of fiberoptic intubation. We present a case of 11 years old child of LT for appendectomy under general anesthesia.

【 授权许可】

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