Preparation of phase transfer functional catalysts and their application in viscosity reduction of heavy oils

Micro & nano letters

article

Yaoyao Feng¹  Yiguang Li¹  Qiuye Li¹  Xiaohong Li¹  Zhijun Zhang¹ 

[1] Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University

关键词: catalysts;    catalysis;    viscosity;    crude oil;    nanostructured materials;    nanofabrication;    silicon compounds;    iron;    nickel;    oil technology;    pyrolysis;    titanium compounds;    phase transfer functional catalysts;    viscosity reduction;    nanosilica-supported metallic nanocatalysts;    heavy oil recovery;    liquid-reduction method;    catalytic performance;    aquathermolysis reaction;    Shengli Oilfield;    mass fraction;    aquathermolysis reaction temperature;    aquathermolysis time;    silica-zero valence iron catalysts;    nickel catalyst;    industrial production;    heavy crude oil;    nanosilica-supported metatitanic acid nanocatalysts;    SiO2-Fe-Ni;    SiO2-H2TiO3;   

DOI  :  10.1049/mnl.2016.0583

学科分类：计算机科学（综合）

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Objective: To objectively assess intranasal diamorphine as an analgesic adjuvant for change of dressings in burnpatients.Methodology: Eleven patients were recruited at a regional burns centre for this pilot study. Intranasal diamorphineat a weight-calculated dose was administered through an atomizer and patient vital signs and APVU scores weredocumented pre and post administration. A post-procedural satisfaction questionnaire was also completed by allpatients.Results: Eleven patients (8 males and 3 females) were recruited for this pilot project. Mean age was 34 years (19-57years) and mean burn total body surface area (TBSA) was 8.9% (4-17%). Procedure duration was a mean of 53.0minutes (30-72 minutes). Six of the patients had a past history of opiate use. The data of our small-scale studyshows that it has good analgesic efficacy, rapid-onset, safety and high degree of patient satisfaction without theneed for intravenous access. There were no side-effects and all patients expressed satisfaction with the analgesiagiven.Conclusion: Intranasal diamorphine provides effective analgesia for moderate to severe procedural pain and canbe a safe analgesic adjuvant for change of dressings in burn patients.

【 授权许可】

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