High-strength nanostructured black-silicon wafer for photovoltaic applications

Micro & nano letters

article

Chia-Liang Hsu¹  Amarendra Kumar¹  Kunal Kashyap¹  Te-Husan Peng¹  Max Ti-Kuang Hou²  Jer-Liang Andrew Yeh¹ 

[1] Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Section 2;Department of Mechanical Engineering, National United University;Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Section 2;Instrument Technology Research Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu Science Park

关键词: nanostructured materials;    silicon;    elemental semiconductors;    bending strength;    surface morphology;    polishing;    nanofabrication;    semiconductor growth;    high-strength nanostructured black-silicon wafer;    photovoltaic applications;    bending strength;    trap particle contaminates;    double-sided surface nanostructure;    morphology;    wet chemical etching;    reduce surface reflection;    conventional polished silicon wafer;    surface reflection;    thin silicon layer;    particle entrapment;    glitches;    enhancement strength;    particle testing;    protection layer;   

DOI  :  10.1049/mnl.2016.0533

学科分类：计算机科学（综合）

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Purpose: Performance of prognostic models deteriorates over time by changes in case-mix and clinical practice. This study was conducted to describe the case-mix of a surgical intensive care unit (SICU) and assess the performance of APACHE II scoring system in this cohort. Methodology: We analyzed 213adult patients admitted to the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) of Aga Khan University Hospital, from January 2011 to December 2012 and the performance of APACHE II scoring system was assessed in this population. Results: The mean age of patients was 46.31 years (SD ±18.43), 67.1% patients were male and mean length of ICU stay was 6.54 days (SD ± 7.18).Admissions to SICU were from seven service departments with the highest admissions from general surgery followed by trauma and neurosurgery. The mean APACHE II score of this SICU population was 15.89 (SD ±8.06), 12.88 (SD ±6.29) in survivors and 22.24 (SD ±7.66) in non-survivors (p <0.01). The overall mortality was 33%, with SMR of 1.0. No patient survived with an APACHE II score of more than 34. In this SICU population the calibration and discrimination of the APACHE II scoring system was acceptable, i.e. [(H-LS 11.76 (p=0.16)] and (area under the receiver operating curve = 0.83). Conclusion: APACHE II scoring system allows meaningful analysis of SICU population, therefore, it is recommend, that this simple and cost effective scoring system should be used to identify patients with high risk of death to justify the decisions of withholding expensive therapies in resource limited settings.

【 授权许可】

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