Fabrication and characterisation of TiO 2 anti-reflection coatings with gradient index

Micro & nano letters

article

Li Tian¹  Ling Li¹  Min Wu² 

[1] School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology;Shanghai Solar Energy Research Center

关键词: nanostructured materials;    texture;    antireflection coatings;    gradient index optics;    titanium compounds;    sputter deposition;    ellipsometry;    refractive index;    wide band gap semiconductors;    semiconductor thin films;    semiconductor growth;    nanofabrication;    nanotextured antireflection films;    transmittance character;    surface reflection loss;    gradient-index titanium dioxide antireflection coatings;    radiofrequency magnetron sputtering;    oblique-angle deposition technique;    low-iron glass substrates;    optical characteristics;    ellipsometric model;    structural properties;    refractive index;    size 50 nm to 400 nm;    TiO2;   

DOI  :  10.1049/mnl.2017.0408

学科分类：计算机科学（综合）

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Objectives: To achieve an optimal anaesthetic condition by using low flows in short duration procedures is not easy and it needs consideration of many factors to detail. Hence, a prospective, randomized study was conducted to develop an easily memorised dosing strategy by computer simulation study and it was compared with conventional strategy of low flow anaesthesia. The main target was to achieve an end-tidal concentration of isoflurane of 0.8 -1.2 vol% within 5 minutes of the start of low fresh gas flow and to maintain it for at least 30 minutes. Methodology: We selected sixty patients and randomly divided them into two equal groups. Ethics committee approval and informed consent from the selected patients was obtained. In Group-I patients, conventional strategy was used, in which fresh gas flow (FGF) was set at 5.5 L/min (O2 1.5 L plus N2O 4 L) and isoflurane 1.5 Vol% was given for fifteen minutes followed by 2.5 L/min. (O2 1 L plus N2O 1.5 L) and isoflurane 2 Vol % for next five minutes. After twenty minutes flow was reduced to a final 0.8 L (<1 L) (O20.4 L plus N2O 0.4 L) and isoflurane 2.5 Vol% till the end of surgery. In Group-II, one of the three schemes designed by computer simulation studies fulfilling our objective of reaching the therapeutic window in less then five minutes was taken for clinical validation and comparison. Selected scheme had one fixed vaporizer setting, e.g. 2.5 vol% Isoflurane, with varying FGF rates of 4.5 L/min for first 3 minutes, 2.5 L/min for next 3 minutes, and 0.8 L/min thereafter. The ratio of N2O:O2 was 2:1, 3:2, and 1:1 consecutively.

【 授权许可】

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