Modification of back electrode structure by a Mo intermediate layer for flexible CZTS thin film solar cells

Micro & nano letters

article

Bo Long¹  Shuying Cheng²  Chuang Yue³  Limei Dong² 

[1] College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University;College of Physics and Information Engineering, and Institute of Micro-Nano Devices & Solar Cells, Fuzhou University;Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University

关键词: molybdenum;    copper compounds;    zinc compounds;    tin compounds;    cadmium compounds;    aluminium;    nickel;    II-VI semiconductors;    wide band gap semiconductors;    semiconductor thin films;    solar cells;    electrochemical electrodes;    back electrode structure;    Mo-Cu2ZnSnS4-CdS-ZnO-ZnOAl-Ni-Al;    soda-lime glass;    conversion efficiency;    carrier recombination centres;    interface matching;    flexible thin film solar cells;    intermediate layer;   

DOI  :  10.1049/mnl.2017.0471

学科分类：计算机科学（综合）

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Background: Many childhood cancers are treatable with cure rates between 70% and 80% in well-resourced countries, while approximately 80% of African children with cancer die without access to adequate care. South Africa has an established oncology health care service with overburdened infrastructure, low cancer awareness in the primary health care service and widespread service delivery challenges. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore, document and analyse the subjective experience of childhood cancer-related challenges in South Africa, and to make the results available to stakeholders. Setting: A total of 58 patient-participants (childhood cancer patients, parents and guardians of children with cancer) and 10 paediatric oncology workers (oncology social workers, oncology nurses and interim home carers) were selected from tertiary oncology centres and from the Childhood Cancer Foundation of South Africa (CHOC) interim care homes across South Africa. Method: Participants were selected via convenience sampling and qualitative data were derived from face-to-face photovoice interviews conducted by psychologists and social workers and supported by translators when necessary. Results: Nine themes of cancer challenges were identified via thematic content analysis of the photo-narratives, that is, physical and treatment challenges, emotional, poor services, transport, finances, information, powerlessness, stigma and schooling challenges. Conclusion: Lack of awareness and knowledge about cancer at the African traditional healer, primary and regional health care service levels were frequent challenges. Important feedback included lack of patient-centred care, separation of children with cancer from guardians, diagnostic delays, permanent disabilities for children because of cancer, emotional trauma, special needs of teenagers and a lack of community and palliative care support.

【 授权许可】

CC BY|CC BY-ND|CC BY-NC|CC BY-NC-ND