High-modulation depth modulator based on double-layer graphene with a low bias voltage

Micro & nano letters

article

Zhou Dapeng¹  Xiao Binggang¹  Xiao Lihua²  Guo Fenglei¹  Wang Xiumin¹ 

[1] College of Information Engineering, China Jiliang University;College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology

关键词: graphene;    equivalent circuits;    silicon compounds;    optical modulation;    silicon;    elemental semiconductors;    finite element analysis;    high-modulation depth modulator;    double-layer graphene;    low bias voltage;    efficient modulation;    graphene-based modulators;    modulation bandwidth;    reflective modulator;    wide working bandwidth;    effective method;    maximum modulation speed;    high-performance modulator;    light-matter interaction;    five-layered structure;    graphene-silica-graphene-silicon-metal;    equivalent circuit method;    C-SiO2-C-Si;   

DOI  :  10.1049/mnl.2018.5511

学科分类：计算机科学（综合）

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Amoxicillin is commercially available in the form of capsules and tablets containing 250mg or 500mg for oral administration. It is also available in the form of suspension containing "25mg/ml” . Amoxicillin is presently used as the most common antibiotics .Ten healthy Human volunteers were characterized respected to their pharmacokinetic and bioavailability of two formulations of Amoxicillin from two sources of  industrial companies  after a single dose administration was given orally. A procedure is described for determination the concentration levels of Amoxicillin in human plasma of healthy volunteers using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with reversed-phase isocratic column at low wave length of UV-visible detection "230nm". An efficient drug extraction procedure was used for the separation of Amoxicillin after simple extraction with cold methanol using ODS-C18-DB column. The pharmacokinetic 500mg of Amoxicillin capsule orally administrated treatment through 10 hours  has been examined.  The  Amoxicillin  was eluted  for "10.0 minutes" at flow Rate "1.5ml/min." and Temperature equal to 298 K .The retention time of Amoxicillin was observed at 7.0 minutes. The mean absolute recovery of Amoxicillin in blood plasma of all healthy volunteers were 94.1% at 1.0ppm, 102% at 5.0ppm, 103% at 10.0ppm 102% at 20ppm, 99.3% at 40ppm and 104% at 50ppm respectively. The assay showed excellent relationships between area under the curve ratios and drug concentration levels (P>0.002) .Oral Amoxicillin administration in ten healthy volunteers gave maximum concentration peak plasma at two hours and decline through ten hours. Treatment with Iraqi formulation Amoxicillin produced higher area under the curve “AUC” and maximum concentration “C (max)” of Amoxicillin than Indian formulation. Key word: Amoxicillin, Bioequivalence, ODS -DB column.

【 授权许可】

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