A review of fire effects across South American ecosystems: the role of climate and time since fire

Fire Ecology

Pablo Villagra¹  Heike Zimmermann²  Henrik von Wehrden³  Ana E. Ferreras⁴  Ramiro Aguilar⁴  Sebastian R. Zeballos⁴  Lucas Carbone⁴  Pedro Jaureguiberry⁴  Esteban Kowaljow⁵  Diego E. Gurvich⁵  Melisa A. Giorgis⁵  Paula A. Tecco⁵  Fernando Barri⁶ 

[1] Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Brown sin número, Chacras de Coria, 5505, Mendoza, Argentina;Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, M5528AHB, Chacras de Coria, Mendoza, Argentina;Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University Luneburg, Institute for Ethics and Transdisciplinary Sustainability Research, Universitatsallee 1, 21335, Luneburg, Germany;Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University Luneburg, Institute of Ecology, Universitatsallee 1, 21335, Luneburg, Germany;Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-UNC), Velez Sarsfield 1611, CC 495, 5000, Cordoba, Argentina;Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-UNC), Velez Sarsfield 1611, CC 495, 5000, Cordoba, Argentina;Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Velez Sarsfield 299, CC 495, 5000, Cordoba, Argentina;Instituto de Diversidad y Ecologia Animal (IDEA), CONICET-UNC and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Velez Sarsfield 299, CP 5000, Cordoba, Argentina;

关键词: abundance;    biodiversity;    biomass;    climate;    effect size;    fire impact;    fire response;    fitness;    meta-analysis;    soil properties;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s42408-021-00100-9

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundFire is an important driver of ecosystem dynamics worldwide. However, knowledge on broad-scale patterns of ecosystem and organism responses to fires is still scarce. Through a systematic quantitative review of available studies across South America, we assessed fire effects on biodiversity and abundance of different organisms (i.e., plants, fungi, invertebrates, and vertebrates), plant fitness, and soil properties under four climate types, and time since the last fire (i.e., early and late post fire). We addressed: (1) What fire effects have been studied across South America? (2) What are the overall responses of biodiversity, abundance, fitness, and soil properties to fires? (3) How do climate and time since fire modulate those responses?ResultsWe analyzed 160 articles reporting 1465 fire responses on paired burned and unburned conditions. We found no effect of fire on biodiversity or on invertebrate abundance, a negative effect on woody plant species and vertebrate abundance, and an increase in shrub fitness. Soil in burned areas had higher bulk density and pH, and lower organic matter and nitrogen. Fire effect was significantly more positive at early than at late post fire for plant fitness and for soil phosphorus and available nitrogen. Stronger negative effects in semiarid climate compared to humid warm climate suggest that higher temperatures and water availability allow a faster ecosystem recovery after fire.ConclusionsOur review highlights the complexity of the climate–fire–vegetation feedback when assessing the response of soil properties and different organisms at various levels. The resilience observed in biodiversity may be expected considering the large number of fire-prone ecosystems in South America. The recovery of invertebrate abundance, the reduction of the vertebrate abundance, and the loss of nitrogen and organic matter coincide with the responses found in global reviews at early post-fire times. The strength of these responses was further influenced by climate type and post-fire time. Our synthesis provides the first broad-scale diagnosis of fire effects in South America, helping to visualize strengths, weaknesses, and gaps in fire research. It also brings much needed information for developing adequate land management in a continent where fire plays a prominent socio-ecological role.

【 授权许可】

CC BY