Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and risk factors in North-Central Nigeria: a population-based survey

BMC Nephrology

Sikiru Abayomi Biliaminu¹  Peter J Blankestijn²  Olanrewaju Timothy Adedoyin³  Mikhail Olayinka Buhari⁴  Kolawole Thomas Braimoh⁵  Ademola Aderibigbe⁶  Adindu Chijioke⁷  Timothy Olusegun Olanrewaju⁸  Ademola Alabi Popoola⁹  Sulyman Alege Kuranga⁹  Abdulwahab Akanbi Ajape⁹  Diederick E Grobbee^1,10  Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch^1,10 

[1] Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Ilorin and University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria;Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands;Department of Paediatrics, University of Ilorin and University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria;Department of Pathology, University of Ilorin and University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria;Department of Radiology, University of Ilorin and University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria;Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria;Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin and University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria;Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin and University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria;Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands;Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Ilorin and University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria;Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands;

关键词: Chronic kidney disease;    Risk factors;    Hypertension;    Diabetes;    Obesity;    Sub-Saharan Africa;    Nigeria;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12882-020-02126-8

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing challenge in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. There is insufficient population-based data on CKD in Nigeria that is required to estimate its true burden, and to design prevention and management strategies. The study aims to determine the prevalence of CKD and its risk factors in Nigeria.MethodsWe studied 8 urban communities in Kwara State, North-Central zone of Nigeria. Blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, urinalysis, weight, height, waist circumference and hip circumference were obtained. Albuminuria and kidney length were measured by ultrasound while estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was derived from serum creatinine, using chronic disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. Associations of risk factors with CKD were determined by multivariate logistic regression and expressed as adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals.ResultsOne thousand three hundred and fifty-three adults ≥18 years (44% males) with mean age of 44.3 ± 14.4 years, were screened. Mean kidney lengths were: right, 93.5 ± 7.0 cm and left, 93.4 ± 7.5 cm. The age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension was 24%; diabetes 4%; obesity 8.7%; albuminuria of > 30 mg/L 7%; and dipstick proteinuria 13%. The age-adjusted prevalence of CKD by estimated GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2 and/or Proteinuria was 12%. Diabetes (aOR 6.41, 95%CI = 3.50–11.73, P = 0.001), obesity (aOR 1.50, 95%CI = 1.10–2.05, P = 0.011), proteinuria (aOR 2.07, 95%CI = 1.05–4.08, P = 0.035); female sex (aOR 1.67, 95%CI = 1.47–1.89, P = 0.001); and age (aOR 1.89, 95%CI = 1.13–3.17, P = 0.015) were the identified predictors of CKD.ConclusionsCKD and its risk factors are prevalent among middle-aged urban populations in North-Central Nigeria. It is common among women, fueled by diabetes, ageing, obesity, and albuminuria. These data add to existing regional studies of burden of CKD that may serve as template for a national prevention framework for CKD in Nigeria. One of the limitations of the study is that the participants were voluntary community dwellers and as such not representative for the community. The sample may thus have been subjected to selection bias possibly resulting in overestimation of CKD risk factors.

【 授权许可】

CC BY