Chronic kidney disease and risk factor prevalence in Saint Kitts and Nevis: a cross-sectional study

BMC Nephrology

Research Article

Ingrid Dawkins¹  Odell Bussue¹  Kirk N. Campbell²  Deidra C. Crews³  Yang Liu³  Bessie A. Young⁴ 

[1] Caribbean Health and Education Foundation, Takoma Park, MD, USA;Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA;Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 301 Mason F. Lord Drive, Suite 2500, 21224, Baltimore, MD, USA;Welch Center for Prevention Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA;Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Seattle Puget Sound Veterans Affairs, Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington at Seattle, Seattle, WA, USA;

关键词: Chronic kidney disease;    Epidemiology;    Risk factors;    Diabetes;    Hypertension;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12882-016-0424-2

 received in 2016-07-20, accepted in 2016-12-20,  发布年份 2017

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundThe prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in St. Kitts and Nevis, islands of the West Indies, is unknown. We sought to determine estimates of CKD and its risk factors (e.g. diabetes, hypertension and obesity) in St. Kitts and Nevis.MethodsThis was a chronic disease screening program. Three community-based locations in St. Kitts and Nevis were included in the program. Participants were adult community residents aged ≥18 years. The main outcome measures were estimated CKD prevalence (by serum creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and dipstick urine albumin); and estimated prevalence of CKD risk factors (diabetes, hypertension and obesity). Logistic regression was used to determine independent predictors of CKD.ResultsOne thousand nine hundred seventy eight persons, from Nevis (n = 950) and St. Kitts (n = 1028) were screened by the Caribbean Health and Education Foundation. Participants’ mean age was 49 ± 15 years, 65% were female, and 99% were black. Fully, 21.5% had diabetes and 53.1% had hypertension; and 40.3% were obese. Mean estimated eGFR was 98 ml/min/1.73 m2 (standard deviation = 30) and 4.7% had an eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2, indicating CKD. Age [Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.08, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.05–1.11], hypertension (OR = 2.89, 95% CI 1.18–7.07) and diabetes (OR = 3.12, 95% CI 1.80–5.43) were independent predictors of reduced eGFR in models adjusted for age, gender and obesity status. Of those with urine testing in Nevis (n = 929), 13.5% had urine albumin ≥30 mg/dL, and diabetes was an independent predictor of this finding (OR = 2.43, 95% CI 1.53–3.87).ConclusionsCKD and its risk factors were prevalent among adults in St. Kitts and Nevis. Public policy strategies for prevention and treatment of these conditions may be needed to reduce their associated morbidity, mortality and costs.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s). 2017