Dietary intake and cardiometabolic risk factors among Venezuelan adults: a nationally representative analysis

BMC Nutrition

Dina Goodman¹  Lindsay M. Jaacks¹  Ramfis Nieto-Martinez²  Juan P. González-Rivas³  Jorge E. Chavarro⁴  Josiemer Mattei⁴  Maritza Duran⁵  María Inés Marulanda⁶  Eunice Ugel⁷ 

[1] Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA;Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA;Foundation for Clinic, Public Health, and Epidemiology Research of Venezuela (FISPEVEN INC), Caracas, Venezuela;LifeDoc Health, Memphis, TN, USA;Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA;International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Ann’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic;Foundation for Clinic, Public Health, and Epidemiology Research of Venezuela (FISPEVEN INC), Caracas, Venezuela;Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 02115, Boston, MA, USA;Foundation for Clinic, Public Health, and Epidemiology Research of Venezuela (FISPEVEN INC), Caracas, Venezuela;Foundation for Clinic, Public Health, and Epidemiology Research of Venezuela (FISPEVEN INC), Caracas, Venezuela;Endocrine Associates of Florida, Research Department, Orlando, Florida, USA;Foundation for Clinic, Public Health, and Epidemiology Research of Venezuela (FISPEVEN INC), Caracas, Venezuela;Public Health Research Unit, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Centro-Occidental “Lisandro Alvarado”, Barquisimeto, Venezuela;

关键词: Nutrition transition;    Western diet;    Obesity;    Venezuela;    Latin America;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s40795-020-00362-7

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundIncreasing trends in global obesity have been attributed to a nutrition transition where healthy foods are replaced by ultra-processed foods. It remains unknown if this nutrition transition has occurred in Venezuela, a country undergoing a socio-political crisis with widespread food shortages.MethodsWe described dietary intake of Venezuelans from a nationally representative study conducted between 2014 and 2017. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of dietary, sociodemographic, and clinical data from Venezuelans ≥20 years of age (n = 3420). Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Standardized clinical and anthropometric measurements estimated obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. A Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) was calculated using an amended Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women score where the range was 0 to 8 food groups, with 8 being the most diverse. Analyses accounted for complex survey design by estimating weighted frequencies of dietary intake and DDS across sociodemographic and cardiometabolic risk-based subgroups.ResultsThe prevalence of obesity was 24.6% (95% CI: 21.6–27.7), type 2 diabetes was 13.3% (11.2–15.7), and hypertension was 30.8% (27.7–34.0). Western foods were consumed infrequently. Most frequently consumed foods included coffee, arepas (a salted corn flour cake), and cheese. Mean DDS was 2.3 food groups (Range: 0–8, Standard Error: 0.07) and this score did not vary among subgroups. Men, younger individuals, and those with higher socioeconomic status were more likely to consume red meat and soft drinks once or more weekly. Women and those with higher socioeconomic status were more likely to consume vegetables and cheese once or more daily. Participants with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension had lower daily intake of red meat and arepas compared to participants without these risk factors.ConclusionsDespite high prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors, adults in Venezuela have not gone through a nutrition transition similar to that observed elsewhere in Latin America. Dietary diversity is low and widely consumed food groups that are considered unhealthy are part of the traditional diet. Future studies are needed in Venezuela using more comprehensive measurements of dietary intake to understand the effect of the socio-political crisis on dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors.

【 授权许可】

CC BY