An Environmental Risk Assessment for Human-Use Trimethoprim in European Surface Waters

Antibiotics

关键词: trimethoprim;    environmental exposure;    environmental effects;    environmental risk assessment;    surface waters;    Europe;   

DOI  :  10.3390/antibiotics2010115

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

An environmental risk assessment (ERA) for the aquatic compartment in Europe from human use was developed for the old antibiotic Trimethoprim (TMP), comparing exposure and effects. The exposure assessment is based on European risk assessment default values on one hand and is refined with documented human use figures in Western Europe from IMS Health and measured removal in wastewater treatment on the other. The resulting predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) are compared with measured environmental concentrations (MECs) from Europe, based on a large dataset incorporating more than 1800 single MECs. On the effects side, available chronic ecotoxicity data from the literature were complemented by additional, new chronic results for fish and other organisms. Based on these data, chronic-based deterministic predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) were derived as well as two different probabilistic PNEC ranges. The ERA compares surface water PECs and MECs with aquatic PNECs for TMP. Based on all the risk characterization ratios (PEC÷PNEC as well as MEC÷PNEC) and risk graphs, there is no significant risk to surface waters.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.