Tolerability and safety of the intake of bovine milk oligosaccharides extracted from cheese whey in healthy human adults

Journal of Nutritional Science

David A. Mills¹  Elizabeth L. Chin¹  Daniela Barile¹  J. Bruce German¹  Melissa A. Breck¹  Karen M. Kalanetra¹  Carolyn Slupsky¹  Jennifer T. Smilowitz¹  Angela M. Zivkovic¹  Danielle G. Lemay¹ 

[1] University of California Davis

关键词: Bovine milk oligosaccharides;    Gastrointestinal tolerability;    Mass spectrometry;    Microbiota;    Next-generation sequencing;   

DOI  :  10.1017/jns.2017.2

学科分类：卫生学

来源: Cambridge University Press

【 摘 要 】

Using a sequential in vitro/in vivo approach, we tested the ability of botanical extracts to influence biomarkers associated with bone resorption and bone formation. Pomegranate fruit and grape seed extracts were found to exhibit anti-resorptive activity by inhibiting receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) expression in MG-63 cells and to reduce IL-1β-stimulated calvarial 45Ca loss. A combination of pomegranate fruit and grape seed extracts were shown to be effective at inhibiting bone loss in ovariectomised rats as demonstrated by standard histomorphometry, biomechanical and bone mineral density measurements. Quercetin and licorice extract exhibited bone formation activity as measured by bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) promoter activation, increased expression of BMP-2 mRNA and protein levels, and promotion of bone growth in cultured mouse calvariae. A combination of quercetin and licorice extract demonstrated a potential for increasing bone mineral density in an intact female rat model as compared with controls. The results from this sequential in vitro/in vivo research model yielded botanical extract formulas that demonstrate significant potential benefits for bone health.

【 授权许可】

Unknown