米国・カナダ・オーストラリア・EUおよび日本における 環境ストレス耐性遺伝子組換え植物の環境影響評価の現状

日本作物学会紀事

松尾 和人¹  吉村 泰幸¹ 

[1] 農業環境技術研究所

关键词: Biodiversity;    生物多様性;    Biosafety;    バイオセーフティ;    Cartagena protocol;    カルタヘナ法;    Competitive superiority;    競合における優位性;    Drought-tolerant;    乾燥耐性;    Genetically modified;    遺伝子組換え;   

DOI  :  10.1626/jcs.81.137

学科分类：农业科学（综合）

来源: Nihon Sakumotsu Gakkai / Crop Science Society of Japan

【 摘 要 】

Abiotic stress–tolerant genetically modified (GM) plants are expected to be next-generation plants that will bring stable yields to cope with future population growth and climate changes due to global warming. However, tolerance to abiotic stress may affect the fitness and possibilities to invade natural environments more than herbicide-tolerance and insect resistance, which have already been approved; therefore, it has been pointed out that the modified plants may have a larger niche than the host plants. Although methods of environmental impact assessments for abiotic stress–tolerant GM plants have been discussed in international meetings, a clear answer has not been reached. These new GM crops have been experimentally grown in fields in the U.S., Canada, Australia, EU and Japan. Our study on the legal framework used when these countries assessed the safety of the plants, together with information about the agricultural background, showed that the countries used the current assessment system without any changes, or expanded the interpretation of the current assessment system or added new methods to the system for the environmental impact assessments of abiotic stress-tolerant GM plants. A new method of assessment involving population dynamic models has been proposed. It may be possible to construct a uniform world standard method based on this proposal by using true abiotic stress−tolerant GM plants.

【 授权许可】

Unknown