遺伝子組換え作物の栽培国および輸入国における雑草問題

日本作物学会紀事

松尾 和人¹  吉村 泰幸¹ 

[1] 農業環境技術研究所

关键词: Biosafety;    バイオセーフティ;    Ferality;    野生化;    Genetically modified;    遺伝子組換え;    Glyphosate;    グリホサート;    Herbicide-tolerant;    除草剤耐性;    Weeding;    雑草防除;   

DOI  :  10.1626/jcs.84.1

学科分类：农业科学（综合）

来源: Nihon Sakumotsu Gakkai / Crop Science Society of Japan

【 摘 要 】

Genetically modified (GM) crops are grown on 175 million hectares in 27 countries in the world today. GM herbicide-tolerant (HT) crops were first commercially cultivated on a large scale in 1996 due to their potential economic benefits, but two problems have arisen: HT weeds and feral GM HT crop populations in new habitats. Both problems are clearly the product of cultivation and transport of GM HT crops. The two most widely planted GM HT crops contain genes conferring glyphosate tolerance or glufosinate tolerance. Excessive reliance on these two herbicides has encouraged weeds to evolve resistance. Such herbicide resistance has been reported in many countries cultivating GM crops, particularly in GM mega-countries including the U.S. There are many reports worth reading about herbicide resistance in these countries. Some researchers have recommended effective strategies to minimize the development of resistance, including focusing on growers’ awareness and practices. On the other hand, some importing countries have reported feral GM-HT crop populations originating from imported seeds that were spilled during transport. The evidence, to date, indicates that feral GM-HT oilseed rape populations do not have any advantages compared with non-GM oilseed rape populations. However, to benefit from the next generation of GM crops with stacked traits and abiotic stress tolerance, we must continue efforts to improve management systems with GM crops.

【 授权许可】

Unknown