An Update on Therapies for Pediatric Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension 2011

Advances in Pulmonary Hypertension

¹ 

关键词: Recommended for You;    Journal Articles;    Cardiology;    Pediatrics;    Psychosocial Issues;    Lifestyle Issues;    Social Work;    WHO Group 1- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension;    PH Medications;    Surgical Interventions;    symptoms;    Neonatal;    early childhood;    Adolescence;    travel;    Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation;    Idiopathic (Primary pulmonary hypertension);    Associated Diseases;    Patent Ductus Arteriosus;    Systolic dysfunction;    Oral therapy;    IV therapy;    Subcutaneous therapy;    Inhaled therapy;    Calcium channel blockers;    Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors (PDE-5 Inhibitors);    Prostacyclin;    Endothelin Receptor Antagonists;    nitric oxide;    contraindications;    Diuretics;    Inotropes;    Vasodilator study;    Acute vasodialtor challenge;    Cardiac Index;    Fick;    Thermodilution;    exercise hemodynamic testing;    Preserved ejection fraction;    endothelial proliferation;    endothelial dysfunction;    Pregnancy;    Drug development;    clinical trial endpoints;    Classification;    Epidemiology;   

DOI  :  

学科分类：医学（综合）

来源: Pulmonary Hypertension Association

【 摘 要 】

A systematic overview of diuretic therapy is beyond the scope of this article; however, diuretics should be given to patients with symptoms of volume overload. Although diuretics are the most common drugs prescribed for heart failure, there is little evidence to guide their use. Some observational studies suggest that diuretics may be harmful, contributing to neurohormonal activation and worsening renal function. In spite of this, diuretics are a mainstay in the treatment of heart failure and are used to manage symptoms of congestion and volume overload.7 Diuretic refractoriness may also be the result of nonadherence with dietary sodium restriction, or unrecognized drug interactions (eg, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents) or excessively high fluid intake. Increases in body weight are associated with exacerbation of symptoms and usually precede hospitalization by a week.9 Patients should be instructed to weigh themselves in the morning after urinating and before eating and report weight gains of greater than 2 pounds in one day, or 5 pounds in one week.

【 授权许可】

All Rights reserved