Peptide-mediated mast cell activation: ligand similarities for receptor recognition and protease-induced regulation

Journal of Leukocyte Biology: An Official Publication of the Reticuloendothelial Society

Unsworth, Larry D.²  Kulka, Marianna⁶ 

[1] and;and..Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;..National Institute for Nanotechnology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;390, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering 13‐National Institute for Nanotechnology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

关键词: non‐;    IgE‐;    mediated activation;    chymase;    tryptase;    MRGPRX2;    Mrgprb2;   

学科分类：生理学

来源: Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

【 摘 要 】

MCs are crucial regulators of the innate immune response. MC degranulation is a rapid response mechanism that allows for the release of a stored plethora of inflammatory mediators, including histamine, heparin, various serine proteases, chemokines, and cytokines. The activation of MCs can lead to the de novo expression of a variety of chemokines and cytokines that can influence a variety of outcomes: inflammation, angiogenesis, and others. A variety of IgE-independent mediators, including IgG, cytokines, chemokines, exogenous molecules, drugs, and cationic peptides, and others, can directly trigger MC activation. For decades, various peptide stimuli, including peptide toxins, neuropeptides, antimicrobial peptides, and endogenous bioactive peptides, have been associated with MC allergic reactions in various physiologic and pathologic conditions. Recently, an activation mechanism has been established, whereby the MRGPRX₂ receptor is involved in most of the peptide stimuli-related activation of human MCs. Interestingly, most of these peptide sequences seem to have a strong structural similarity that includes abundant positive charges and aromatic/aliphatic amino acids. In this review, we discuss the structures of known peptide stimuli and the receptors with which they interact for the express purpose of highlighting peptide elements as building blocks for tissue engineering applications.

【 授权许可】

CC BY