HIV and Mature Dendritic Cells: Trojan Exosomes Riding the Trojan Horse?

PLoS Pathogens

Itziar Erkizia¹  Javier Martinez-Picado¹  Maria Carmen Puertas²  Francesc E. Borràs²  Nuria Izquierdo-Useros²  Julià Blanco³  Mar Naranjo-Gómez³ 

[1] Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain;IrsiCaixa Foundation, Badalona, Spain;Laboratory of Immunobiology for Research and Application to Diagnosis (LIRAD), Blood and Tissue Bank, Badalona, Spain

关键词: Exosomes;    T cells;    HIV;    HIV-1;    Antigen presentation;    Immune response;    Antigen-presenting cells;    Cell membranes;   

DOI  :  10.1371/journal.ppat.1000740

学科分类：生物科学（综合）

来源: Public Library of Science

【 摘 要 】

Exosomes are secreted cellular vesicles that can induce specific CD4+ T cell responses in vivo when they interact with competent antigen-presenting cells like mature dendritic cells (mDCs). The Trojan exosome hypothesis proposes that retroviruses can take advantage of the cell-encoded intercellular vesicle traffic and exosome exchange pathway, moving between cells in the absence of fusion events in search of adequate target cells. Here, we discuss recent data supporting this hypothesis, which further explains how DCs can capture and internalize retroviruses like HIV-1 in the absence of fusion events, leading to the productive infection of interacting CD4+ T cells and contributing to viral spread through a mechanism known as trans-infection. We suggest that HIV-1 can exploit an exosome antigen-dissemination pathway intrinsic to mDCs, allowing viral internalization and final trans-infection of CD4+ T cells. In contrast to previous reports that focus on the ability of immature DCs to capture HIV in the mucosa, this review emphasizes the outstanding role that mature DCs could have promoting trans-infection in the lymph node, underscoring a new potential viral dissemination pathway.

【 授权许可】

CC BY