Mobilization of HIV Spread by Diaphanous 2 Dependent Filopodia in Infected Dendritic Cells

PLoS Pathogens

Timothy P. Newsome¹  Anthony L. Cunningham¹  Tina L. Iemma¹  Ivy Shih²  Anupriya Aggarwal²  Samantha McAllery²  Stuart G. Turville³ 

[1] HIV Pathogenesis Laboratory, Westmead Millennium Institute (WMI), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;Laboratory of HIV Biology, Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program, The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

关键词: HIV;    T helper cells;    HIV infections;    Cell membranes;    Virions;    T cells;    Synapses;    Cell staining;   

DOI  :  10.1371/journal.ppat.1002762

学科分类：生物科学（综合）

来源: Public Library of Science

【 摘 要 】

Paramount to the success of persistent viral infection is the ability of viruses to navigate hostile environments en route to future targets. In response to such obstacles, many viruses have developed the ability of establishing actin rich-membrane bridges to aid in future infections. Herein through dynamic imaging of HIV infected dendritic cells, we have observed how viral high-jacking of the actin/membrane network facilitates one of the most efficient forms of HIV spread. Within infected DC, viral egress is coupled to viral filopodia formation, with more than 90% of filopodia bearing immature HIV on their tips at extensions of 10 to 20 µm. Live imaging showed HIV filopodia routinely pivoting at their base, and projecting HIV virions at µm.sec−1 along repetitive arc trajectories. HIV filopodial dynamics lead to up to 800 DC to CD4 T cell contacts per hour, with selection of T cells culminating in multiple filopodia tethering and converging to envelope the CD4 T-cell membrane with budding HIV particles. Long viral filopodial formation was dependent on the formin diaphanous 2 (Diaph2), and not a dominant Arp2/3 filopodial pathway often associated with pathogenic actin polymerization. Manipulation of HIV Nef reduced HIV transfer 25-fold by reducing viral filopodia frequency, supporting the potency of DC HIV transfer was dependent on viral filopodia abundance. Thus our observations show HIV corrupts DC to CD4 T cell interactions by physically embedding at the leading edge contacts of long DC filopodial networks.

【 授权许可】

CC BY