Preliminary assessment of the potential role of urbanization in the distribution of carbamate and organophosphate resistant populations of Culex species in Ghana

Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Heinz Rinder³  Daniel Boakye⁴  Guenter Froeschl¹  Ben A Mensah²  Andreas A Kudom² 

[1] Center for International Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany;Department of Entomology and Wildlife, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana;Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit (LGL), Veterinärstraße 2, Oberschleißheim 85762, Germany;Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana

关键词: Urbanization;    Insecticide-resistance;    Organophosphate;    Esterase;    Ecology;    Culex quinquefasciatus;    Culex decens;    Carbamate;    ace1;   

Others  :  1148048
DOI  :  10.1186/s13071-014-0621-4

 received in 2014-05-30, accepted in 2014-12-22,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

Besides its role as a pathogen vector, Culex species also indirectly promotes the transmission of malaria if the use of bed nets or indoor residual spraying is discontinued due to a lack of insecticide efficacy against it. A recent survey revealed widespread occurrence of pyrethroid resistance among urban populations of this mosquito in Ghana. In order to plan and implement insecticide-based resistance management strategies, this study was carried out to assess resistance status of Culex species to organophosphate and carbamate in urban areas in Ghana and the possible mechanisms involved as well as environmental factors associated with its distribution.

Methods

Mosquito larvae were sampled from various land use and ecological settings and in different seasons. In adults, susceptibility to organophosphates (fenitrothion, malathion) and carbamates (propoxur, bendiocarb) were determined. Mixed function oxidase (MFO) and α- and β-esterase assays, as well as a PCR diagnostic assay to determine ace1 mutation were performed in individual mosquitoes.

Results

Culex quinquefasciatus as well as C. decens and other unidentified Culex species were found breeding in polluted water bodies in the study sites. Across all sites and seasons, carbamate induced mortality was 94.1% ± 15.4 whereas mortality caused by organophosphate was 99.5% ± 2.2. In addition, ace1 mutation and high levels of esterases were detected in some of the mosquito populations. There was a strong correlation between susceptibility status of the mosquitoes and the level of absorbance of β-esterase (Pearson r = − 0.841, p = 0.004).

Conclusions

The study found low prevalence of resistance to carbamate and organophosphate insecticides among Culex species from Ghana. However, there were populations with ace1 mutations and high levels of esterases, which can confer high resistance to these classes of insecticides. Thus, it is important to monitor activities or behaviour that has the potential to select for carbamate and organophosphate resistance populations.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Kudom et al.; licensee BioMed Central.

【 图 表 】

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