The Anopheles community and the role of Anopheles minimus on malaria transmission on the China-Myanmar border

Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Bin Chen³  Feilong Yang³  Wenbo Fu³  Zhentian Yan³  Zhengbo He³  Ying Wang¹  Daibin Zhong²  Naixin Zhang³  Guiyun Yan²  Guo Yu³ 

[1] Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China;Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California, USA;Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, P.R. China

关键词: China-Myanmar border;    Plasmodium vivax;    Blood meal;    An. minimus;    Anopheles community;   

Others  :  824610
DOI  :  10.1186/1756-3305-6-264

 received in 2013-06-29, accepted in 2013-09-07,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

Malaria around the China-Myanmar border is a serious health problem in the countries of South-East Asia. An. minimus is a principle malaria vector with a wide geographic distribution in this area. Malaria is endemic along the boundary between Yunnan province in China and the Kachin State of Myanmar where the local Anopheles community (species composition) and the malaria transmission vectors have never been clarified.

Methods

Adult Anopheles specimens were collected using CDC light traps in four villages along the border of China and Myanmar from May 2012 to April 2013. Morphological and molecular identification of mosquito adults confirmed the species of Anopheles. Blood-meal identification using the female abdomens was conducted using multiplex PCR. For sporozoite detection in An. minimus, sets of 10 female salivary glands were pooled and identified with SSU rDNA using nested PCR. Monthly abundance of An. minimus populations during the year was documented. The diversity of Anopheles and the role of An. minimus on malaria transmission in this border area were analyzed.

Results

4,833 adult mosquitoes in the genus Anopheles were collected and morphologically identified to species or species complex. The Anopheles community is comprised of 13 species, and 78.83% of our total specimens belonged to An. minimus s.l., followed by An. maculatus (5.55%) and the An. culicifacies complex (4.03%). The quantity of trapped An. minimus in the rainy season of malaria transmission was greater than during the non-malarial dry season, and a peak was found in May 2012. An. minimus fed on the blood of four animals: humans (79.8%), cattle (10.6%), pigs (5.8%) and dogs (3.8%). 1,500 females of An. minimus were pooled into 150 samples and tested for sporozoites: only 1 pooled sample was found to have sporozoites of Plasmodium vivax.

Conclusion

Anopheles is abundant with An. minimus being the dominant species and having a high human blood index along the China-Myanmar border. The sporozoites in An. minimus were determined to be Plasmodium vivax with a 0.07-0.7% infection rate.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Yu et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 5.

Figure 3.

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