Differences in pharmacokinetics of apple polyphenols after standardized oral consumption of unprocessed apple juice

Nutrition Journal

Julian Weghuber³  Daniel Weghuber²  Otmar Höglinger³  Harald Mangge¹  Markus Himmelsbach⁴  Stefan Huemer³  Peter Lanzerstorfer³  Jürgen Wruss³ 

[1] BioTechMed-Graz, University Graz, Graz, Austria;Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria;University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstrasse 23, Wels, A-4600, Austria;Johannes Kepler University, Institute for Analytical Chemistry, Linz, Austria

关键词: Antioxidant capacity;    Pharmacokinetics;    Polyphenolics;    Apple juice;   

Others  :  1171503
DOI  :  10.1186/s12937-015-0018-z

 received in 2014-11-14, accepted in 2015-03-17,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

Polyphenols are chemical compounds of the secondary plant metabolism. High concentrations can be found in various fruits including apples, berries and grapes. Polyphenols are associated with numerous health beneficial effects including a reduced risk for cardiovascular disease or diabetes. The human body cannot synthesize or store polyphenols and relies on continuous replenishment by daily diet. Unfortunately, knowledge on absorption, metabolization and excretion is still limited. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic fate of apple polyphenols in young healthy adults.

Methods

Volunteers consumed 500 mL of an unfiltered apple juice. Blood and urine samples were collected within a time period of ten hours and analyzed for their total phenolic content, concentration of selected individual polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity.

Results

Large differences in apple polyphenol pharmacokinetics between single subjects were observed. Those could be divided into subgroups according to fast or slow rates of polyphenol metabolism. Some subjects showed no detectable metabolism within the study time frame at all. An increase in the total phenolic content over time did not correlate with an observed, highly elevated antioxidant capacity (AOC) in the blood plasma after apple juice consumption. The determined increase of the AOC was rather a result of a high fructose content of the apple juice. No differences in renal excretion were detected between female and male subjects. However, relative concentrations were slightly higher in male subjects.

Conclusions

Apple derived polyphenols can be readily detected in human blood and urine after juice consumption. The existence of sub-populations with different pharmacokinetics suggests significant variations in the individual metabolism rates of polyphenolic substances with implications on bioavailability and potential health effects within the body.

Trial registration

O2413 (Ethics Commissions of Upper Austria) and 415-EP/73/233-2013 Salzburg (Ethics Commissions of Salzburg).

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Wruss et al.; licensee Biomed Central.

【 图 表 】

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