Gender differences in the long-term effects of a nutritional intervention program promoting the Mediterranean diet: changes in dietary intakes, eating behaviors, anthropometric and metabolic variables

Nutrition Journal

Simone Lemieux¹  Sylvie Dodin³  Louise Corneau¹  Marie-Michelle Royer¹  Anne-Marie Hudon¹  Catherine Bégin²  Vicky Leblanc¹ 

[1] Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Boulevard, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada;School of Psychology, Laval University, Pavillon Félix-Antoine Savard, 2325 rue des Bibliothèques, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada;Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Laval University, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, 1050 Medicine Avenue, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada

关键词: long-term dietary changes;    Cardiovascular risk;    Mediterranean diet;    Gender differences;   

Others  :  1132431
DOI  :  10.1186/1475-2891-13-107

 received in 2014-06-13, accepted in 2014-11-12,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Long-term adherence to principles of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) following a nutritional intervention promoting the Mediterranean food pattern in Canadian men and women is not known. Moreover, gender differences in dietary and metabolic profile in such an intervention context has never been addressed. Objective was to determine gender differences in long-term effects of a 12-week nutritional intervention program promoting the adoption of the MedDiet and based on the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) on dietary intakes, eating behaviors, anthropometric and metabolic variables, in men and women presenting cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods

Sixty-four men and 59 premenopausal women were recruited. The 12-week nutritional program used a motivational interviewing approach and included individual and group sessions. A food frequency questionnaire was administered to evaluate dietary intakes from which a Mediterranean score (Medscore) was derived and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire allowed assessment of eating behaviors. Measurements were performed at baseline and after the 12-week nutritional intervention, and then at 3 and 6-month post intervention.

Results

No gender difference was observed in changes in the Medscore during the nutritional intervention and follow-up. However, the Medscore returned towards baseline values during follow-up in men and women (P <0.0001). Men reported larger decreases in red and processed meat and larger increases in whole fruit intakes than women (P = 0.03 and P = 0.04, respectively). Men showed a greater decrease in habitual susceptibility to disinhibition than women (P = 0.03). A gender by time interaction was found for waist circumference, i.e. men had lower waist circumference at the end of the intervention as well as at follow-up than at baseline while women’s waist circumference decreased in response to the intervention only (P = 0.05). As for metabolic variables, changes observed in total-cholesterol (C) to HDL-C ratio, triglyceride levels and triglycerides to HDL-C ratio were more pronounced in men than in women after the intervention as well as at follow-up (P ≤0.03).

Conclusions

Our results indicate that the 12-week nutritional intervention based on the SDT leads to more pronounced beneficial changes in long-term dietary intakes in men than in women and to greater improvements in metabolic profile in men.

Trial registration

Current Controlled Trials NCT01852721.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Leblanc et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

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