Molecular Neurodegeneration | |
Transgenic neuronal overexpression reveals that stringently regulated p23 expression is critical for coordinated movement in mice | |
Gopal Thinakaran1  Angèle T Parent1  Satyabrata Kar5  Lois A Zitzow3  Vytautas P Bindokas4  Kulandaivelu S Vetrivel1  Celia G Fernandez2  Jelita Roseman1  Ping Gong1  | |
[1] Departments of Neurobiology, Neurology, and Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA;Committee on Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA;Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA;Department of Neurobiology, Pharmacology, and Physiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA;Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry, Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R7, Canada | |
关键词: unfolded protein response; hypomyelination; ataxia; Alzheimer's disease; gamma-secretase; p24; | |
Others : 863979 DOI : 10.1186/1750-1326-6-87 |
|
received in 2011-08-09, accepted in 2011-12-28, 发布年份 2011 | |
【 摘 要 】
Background
p23 belongs to the highly conserved p24 family of type I transmembrane proteins, which participate in the bidirectional protein transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Mammalian p23 has been shown to interact with γ-secretase complex, and modulate secretory trafficking as well as intramembranous processing of amyloid precursor protein in cultured cells. Negative modulation of β-amyloid production by p23 in cultured cell lines suggested that elevation of p23 expression in neurons might mitigate cerebral amyloid burden.
Results
We generated several lines of transgenic mice expressing human p23 in neurons under the control of Thy-1.2 promoter. We found that even a 50% increase in p23 levels in the central nervous system of mice causes post-natal growth retardation, severe neurological problems characterized by tremors, seizure, ataxia, and uncoordinated movements, and premature death. The severity of the phenotype closely correlated with the level of p23 overexpression in multiple transgenic lines. While the number and general morphology of neurons in Hup23 mice appeared to be normal throughout the brain, abnormal non-Golgi p23 localization was observed in a subset of neurons with high transgene expression in brainstem. Moreover, detailed immunofluorescence analysis revealed marked proliferation of astrocytes, activation of microglia, and thinning of myelinated bundles in brainstem of Hup23 mice.
Conclusions
These results demonstrate that proper level of p23 expression is critical for neuronal function, and perturbing p23 function by overexpression initiates a cascade of cellular reactions in brainstem that leads to severe motor deficits and other neurological problems, which culminate in premature death. The neurological phenotype observed in Hup23 mice highlights significant adverse effects associated with manipulating neuronal expression of p23, a previously described negative modulator of γ-secretase activity and β-amyloid production. Moreover, our report has broader relevance to molecular mechanisms in several neurodegenerative diseases as it highlights the inherent vulnerability of the early secretory pathway mechanisms that ensure proteostasis in neurons.
【 授权许可】
2011 Gong et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
【 预 览 】
Files | Size | Format | View |
---|---|---|---|
20140725074019716.pdf | 7569KB | download | |
48KB | Image | download | |
157KB | Image | download | |
201KB | Image | download | |
324KB | Image | download | |
106KB | Image | download | |
414KB | Image | download | |
89KB | Image | download | |
50KB | Image | download | |
84KB | Image | download | |
90KB | Image | download | |
36KB | Image | download |
【 图 表 】
【 参考文献 】
- [1]Dominguez M, Dejgaard K, Fullekrug J, Dahan S, Fazel A, Paccaud JP, Thomas DY, Bergeron JJ, Nilsson T: gp25L/emp24/p24 protein family members of the cis-Golgi network bind both COP I and II coatomer. J Cell Biol 1998, 140:751-765.
- [2]Strating JR, Martens GJ: The p24 family and selective transport processes at the ER-Golgi interface. Biol Cell 2009, 101:495-509.
- [3]Nickel W, Sohn K, Bunning C, Wieland FT: p23, a major COPI-vesicle membrane protein, constitutively cycles through the early secretory pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997, 94:11393-11398.
- [4]Rojo M, Pepperkok R, Emery G, Kellner R, Stang E, Parton RG, Gruenberg J: Involvement of the transmembrane protein p23 in biosynthetic protein transport. J Cell Biol 1997, 139:1119-1135.
- [5]Gommel D, Orci L, Emig EM, Hannah MJ, Ravazzola M, Nickel W, Helms JB, Wieland FT, Sohn K: p24 and p23, the major transmembrane proteins of COPI-coated transport vesicles, form hetero-oligomeric complexes and cycle between the organelles of the early secretory pathway. FEBS Lett 1999, 447:179-185.
- [6]Rojo M, Emery G, Marjomaki V, McDowall AW, Parton RG, Gruenberg J: The transmembrane protein p23 contributes to the organization of the Golgi apparatus. J Cell Sci 2000, 113(Pt 6):1043-1057.
- [7]Bonnon C, Wendeler MW, Paccaud JP, Hauri HP: Selective export of human GPI-anchored proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. J Cell Sci 2010, 123:1705-1715.
- [8]Denzel A, Otto F, Girod A, Pepperkok R, Watson R, Rosewell I, Bergeron JJ, Solari RC, Owen MJ: The p24 family member p23 is required for early embryonic development. Curr Biol 2000, 10:55-58.
- [9]Strating JR, Hafmans TG, Martens GJ: COP-binding sites in p24delta2 are necessary for proper secretory cargo biosynthesis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2009, 41:1619-1627.
- [10]Blum R, Pfeiffer F, Feick P, Nastainczyk W, Kohler B, Schafer KH, Schulz I: Intracellular localization and in vivo trafficking of p24A and p23. J Cell Sci 1999, 112(Pt 4):537-548.
- [11]Chen F, Hasegawa H, Schmitt-Ulms G, Kawarai T, Bohm C, Katayama T, Gu Y, Sanjo N, Glista M, Rogaeva E, Wakutani Y, Pardossi-Piquard R, Ruan X, Tandon A, Checler F, Marambaud P, Hansen K, Westaway D, St George-Hyslop P, Fraser P: TMP21 is a presenilin complex component that modulates gamma-secretase but not epsilon-secretase activity. Nature 2006, 440:1208-1212.
- [12]Iwatsubo T: The gamma-secretase complex: machinery for intramembrane proteolysis. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2004, 14:379-383.
- [13]Thinakaran G, Koo EH: Amyloid precursor protein trafficking, processing, and function. J Biol Chem 2008, 283:29615-29619.
- [14]Vetrivel KS, Kodam A, Gong P, Chen Y, Parent AT, Kar S, Thinakaran G: Localization and regional distribution of p23/TMP21 in the brain. Neurobiol Dis 2008, 32:37-49.
- [15]Aigner L, Arber S, Kapfhammer JP, Laux T, Schneider C, Botteri F, Brenner HR, Caroni P: Overexpression of the neural growth-associated protein GAP-43 induces nerve sprouting in the adult nervous system of transgenic mice. Cell 1995, 83:269-278.
- [16]Caroni P: Overexpression of growth-associated proteins in the neurons of adult transgenic mice. J Neurosci Methods 1997, 71:3-9.
- [17]Feng G, Mellor RH, Bernstein M, Keller-Peck C, Nguyen QT, Wallace M, Nerbonne JM, Lichtman JW, Sanes JR: Imaging neuronal subsets in transgenic mice expressing multiple spectral variants of GFP. Neuron 2000, 28:41-51.
- [18]Clarke KA, Still J: Gait analysis in the mouse. Physiol Behav 1999, 66:723-729.
- [19]Liguz-Lecznar M, Skangiel-Kramska J: Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs): the three musketeers of glutamatergic system. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2007, 67:207-218.
- [20]Fremeau RT, Kam K, Qureshi T, Johnson J, Copenhagen DR, Storm-Mathisen J, Chaudhry FA, Nicoll RA, Edwards RH: Vesicular glutamate transporters 1 and 2 target to functionally distinct synaptic release sites. Science 2004, 304:1815-1819.
- [21]Kashani A, Betancur C, Giros B, Hirsch E, El Mestikawy S: Altered expression of vesicular glutamate transporters VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 in Parkinson disease. Neurobiol Aging 2007, 28:568-578.
- [22]Sofroniew MV: Molecular dissection of reactive astrogliosis and glial scar formation. Trends Neurosci 2009, 32:638-647.
- [23]Streit WJ: Microglial senescence: does the brain's immune system have an expiration date? Trends Neurosci 2006, 29:506-510.
- [24]Kreutzberg GW: Microglia: a sensor for pathological events in the CNS. Trends Neurosci 1996, 19:312-318.
- [25]Nimmerjahn A, Kirchhoff F, Helmchen F: Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo. Science 2005, 308:1314-1318.
- [26]Iwaki T, Wisniewski T, Iwaki A, Corbin E, Tomokane N, Tateishi J, Goldman JE: Accumulation of alpha B-crystallin in central nervous system glia and neurons in pathologic conditions. Am J Pathol 1992, 140:345-356.
- [27]Wen C, Greenwald I: p24 proteins and quality control of LIN-12 and GLP-1 trafficking in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Cell Biol 1999, 145:1165-1175.
- [28]Belden WJ, Barlowe C: Deletion of yeast p24 genes activates the unfolded protein response. Mol Biol Cell 2001, 12:957-969.
- [29]Jiang HY, Wek SA, McGrath BC, Lu D, Hai T, Harding HP, Wang X, Ron D, Cavener DR, Wek RC: Activating transcription factor 3 is integral to the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 kinase stress response. Mol Cell Biol 2004, 24:1365-1377.
- [30]Harding HP, Novoa I, Zhang Y, Zeng H, Wek R, Schapira M, Ron D: Regulated translation initiation controls stress-induced gene expression in mammalian cells. Mol Cell 2000, 6:1099-1108.
- [31]Mizobuchi N, Hoseki J, Kubota H, Toyokuni S, Nozaki J, Naitoh M, Koizumi A, Nagata K: ARMET is a soluble ER protein induced by the unfolded protein response via ERSE-II element. Cell Struct Funct 2007, 32:41-50.
- [32]Lindholm P, Peranen J, Andressoo JO, Kalkkinen N, Kokaia Z, Lindvall O, Timmusk T, Saarma M: MANF is widely expressed in mammalian tissues and differently regulated after ischemic and epileptic insults in rodent brain. Mol Cell Neurosci 2008, 39:356-371.
- [33]Yu YQ, Liu LC, Wang FC, Liang Y, Cha DQ, Zhang JJ, Shen YJ, Wang HP, Fang S, Shen YX: Induction profile of MANF/ARMET by cerebral ischemia and its implication for neuron protection. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2010, 30:79-91.
- [34]Fullekrug J, Suganuma T, Tang BL, Hong W, Storrie B, Nilsson T: Localization and recycling of gp27 (hp24gamma3): complex formation with other p24 family members. Mol Biol Cell 1999, 10:1939-1955.
- [35]Jenne N, Frey K, Brugger B, Wieland FT: Oligomeric state and stoichiometry of p24 proteins in the early secretory pathway. J Biol Chem 2002, 277:46504-46511.
- [36]Marzioch M, Henthorn DC, Herrmann JM, Wilson R, Thomas DY, Bergeron JJ, Solari RC, Rowley A: Erp1p and Erp2p, partners for Emp24p and Erv25p in a yeast p24 complex. Mol Biol Cell 1999, 10:1923-1938.
- [37]Vetrivel KS, Gong P, Bowen JW, Cheng H, Chen Y, Carter M, Nguyen PD, Placanica L, Wieland FT, Li YM, Kounnas MZ, Thinakaran G: Dual roles of the transmembrane protein p23/TMP21 in the modulation of amyloid precursor protein metabolism. Mol Neurodegener 2007, 2:4. BioMed Central Full Text
- [38]Takida S, Maeda Y, Kinoshita T: Mammalian GPI-anchored proteins require p24 proteins for their efficient transport from the ER to the plasma membrane. Biochem J 2008, 409:555-562.
- [39]Strating JR, Bouw G, Hafmans TG, Martens GJ: p24 Proteins from the same subfamily are functionally nonredundant. Biochimie 2011, 93:528-532.
- [40]Jerome-Majewska LA, Achkar T, Luo L, Lupu F, Lacy E: The trafficking protein Tmed2/p24beta(1) is required for morphogenesis of the mouse embryo and placenta. Dev Biol 2010, 341:154-166.
- [41]Matus S, Glimcher LH, Hetz C: Protein folding stress in neurodegenerative diseases: a glimpse into the ER. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2011, 23:239-252.
- [42]Lin W, Popko B: Endoplasmic reticulum stress in disorders of myelinating cells. Nat Neurosci 2009, 12:379-385.
- [43]Meckler X, Roseman J, Das P, Cheng H, Pei S, Keat M, Kassarjian B, Golde TE, Parent AT, Thinakaran G: Reduced Alzheimer's disease ss-amyloid deposition in transgenic mice expressing S-palmitoylation-deficient APH1aL and nicastrin. J Neurosci 2010, 30:16160-16169.
- [44]Gong P, Vetrivel KS, Nguyen PD, Meckler X, Cheng H, Kounnas MZ, Wagner SL, Parent AT, Thinakaran G: Mutation analysis of the presenilin 1 N-terminal domain reveals a broad spectrum of gamma-secretase activity toward amyloid precursor protein and other substrates. J Biol Chem 2010, 285:38042-38052.
- [45]Rasband WS[http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/] webciteImageJ version1.44, U. S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; 1997-2011
- [46]Thinakaran G, Borchelt DR, Lee MK, Slunt HH, Spitzer L, Kim G, Ratovitsky T, Davenport F, Nordstedt C, Seeger M, Hardy J, Levey AI, Gandy SE, Jenkins NA, Copeland NG, Price DL, Sisodia SS: Endoproteolysis of presenilin 1 and accumulation of processed derivatives in vivo. Neuron 1996, 17:181-190.
- [47]Wong ML, Medrano JF: Real-time PCR for mRNA quantitation. Biotechniques 2005, 39:75-85.