Global burden, distribution, and interventions for infectious diseases of poverty

Infectious Diseases of Poverty

Jai K Das³  Rehana A Salam³  Zohra S Lassi³  Johannes Sommerfeld¹  Zulfiqar A Bhutta² 

[1] UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), Geneva, Switzerland;Center for Global Child Health Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada;Division of Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

关键词: Community-health workers;    Community platforms;    Community-based interventions;    Tuberculosis;    HIV/AIDS;    Neglected tropical diseases malaria;    Infectious diseases of poverty;   

Others  :  1136098
DOI  :  10.1186/2049-9957-3-21

 received in 2014-01-05, accepted in 2014-07-18,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Infectious diseases of poverty (IDoP) disproportionately affect the poorest population in the world and contribute to a cycle of poverty as a result of decreased productivity ensuing from long-term illness, disability, and social stigma. In 2010, the global deaths from HIV/AIDS have increased to 1.5 million and malaria mortality rose to 1.17 million. Mortality from neglected tropical diseases rose to 152,000, while tuberculosis killed 1.2 million people that same year. Substantial regional variations exist in the distribution of these diseases as they are primarily concentrated in rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and Latin America, with geographic overlap and high levels of co-infection. Evidence-based interventions exist to prevent and control these diseases, however, the coverage still remains low with an emerging challenge of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, community-based delivery platforms are increasingly being advocated to ensure sustainability and combat co-infections.

Because of the high morbidity and mortality burden of these diseases, especially in resource-poor settings, it is imperative to conduct a systematic review to identify strategies to prevent and control these diseases. Therefore, we attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of one of these strategies, that is community-based delivery for the prevention and treatment of IDoP. In this paper, we describe the burden, epidemiology, and potential interventions for IDoP. In subsequent papers of this series, we describe the analytical framework and the methodology used to guide the systematic reviews, and report the findings and interpretations of our analyses of the impact of community-based strategies on individual IDoPs.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Bhutta et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]WHO: Disease Burden: DALY Estimates. 2011. Available at http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/gbd/en/ webcite
• [2]Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, Abraham J, Adair T, Aggarwal R, Ahn SY, AlMazroa MA, Alvarado M, Anderson HR, Anderson LM, Andrews KG, Atkinson C, Baddour LM, Barker-Collo S, Bartels DH, Bell ML, Benjamin EJ, Bennett D, Bhalla K, Bikbov B, Abdulhak AB, Birbeck G, Blyth F, Bolliger I, Boufous S, Bucello C: Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 2012, 380(9859):2095-2128.
• [3]Manderson L, Aagaard-Hansen J, Allotey P, Gyapong M, Sommerfeld J: Social research on neglected diseases of poverty: continuing and emerging themes. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2009, 3(2):0.
• [4]World Health Organization: Global Report for Research on Infectious Diseases of Poverty. 2012.
• [5]Molyneux DH, Hotez PJ, Fenwick A: "Rapid-Impact Interventions": how a policy of integrated control for Africa’s neglected tropical diseases could benefit the poor. PLoS Med 2005, 2(11):e336.
• [6]Zhang Y: Helen Keller International Position Paper Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2010.
• [7]Morens DM, Folkers GK, Fauci AS: The challenge of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Nature 2004, 430(6996):242-249.
• [8]Hotez PJ, Molyneux DH, Fenwick A, Ottesen E, Sachs SE, Sachs JD: Incorporating a rapid-impact package for neglected tropical diseases with programs for HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. PLoS Med 2006, 3(5):e102.
• [9]McKenzie FE: Polyparasitism. Int J Epidemiol 2005, 34(1):221-222. author reply 222–3
• [10]Molyneux DH, Nantulya VM: Linking disease control programmes in rural Africa: a pro-poor strategy to reach Abuja targets and millennium development goals. BMJ 2004, 328(7448):1129-1132.
• [11]Raso G, Luginbühl A, Adjoua CA, Tian-Bi NT, Silué KD, Matthys B, Vounatsou P, Wang Y, Dumas ME, Holmes E, Singer BH, Tanner M, N'goran EK, Utzinger J: Multiple parasite infections and their relationship to self-reported morbidity in a community of rural Cote d’Ivoire. Int J Epidemiol 2004, 33(5):1092-1102.
• [12]Liu L, Johnson HL, Cousens S, Perin J, Scott S, Lawn JE, Rudan I, Campbell H, Cibulskis R, Li M, Mathers C, Black RE, Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group of WHO and UNICEF: Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality: an updated systematic analysis for 2010 with time trends since 2000. Lancet 2012, 379(9832):2151-2161.
• [13]Liese BH, Schubert L: Official development assistance for health-how neglected are neglected tropical diseases? An analysis of health financing. Int Health 2009, 1(2):141-147.
• [14]WHO: Integrated Community-based Interventions. TDR Business Line 11. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2009.
• [15]WHO: Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2014. Available at http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/diseases/en/ webcite. Access date: May 29, 2014
• [16]Hotez PJ, Molyneux DH, Fenwick A, Kumaresan J, Sachs SE, Sachs JD, Savioli L: Control of neglected tropical diseases. N Engl J Med 2007, 357(10):1018-1027.
• [17]Nsungwa-Sabiiti J, Peterson S, Pariyo G, Ogwal-Okeng J, Petzold MG, Tomson G: Home-based management of fever and malaria treatment practices in Uganda. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2007, 101:1199-1207.
• [18]WHO: WHO Global Malaria Programme: World Malaria Report 2011. 2012.
• [19]World Bank and HIV/AIDS: The Facts. 2012. Fact sheet]. Available from: http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/factsheets/ webcite
• [20]Sub-Saharan Africa, in Regional Fact Sheet 2012, The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 2012. Available at http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/epidemiology/2012/gr2012/2012_FS_regional_ssa_en.pdf webcite
• [21]UNAIDS. World AIDS Day report: Results, 2012, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS): Geneva, Switzerland. 2012. Available at http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/publications/2012/name webcite,76120,en.asp
• [22]UNAIDS: Global Report 2012: UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic2013. Available at http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/campaigns/globalreport2013/globalreport/ webcite
• [23]World Health Organization. Dept. of Control of Neglected Tropical, Diseases: Working to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases: first WHO report on neglected tropical diseases. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2010.
• [24]WHO: Global Tuberculosis report 2012. 2012.
• [25]World Health Organization: The global burden of disease: 2004 update. 2008. Geneva: World health organization; 2011.
• [26]Hall A, Hewitt G, Tuffrey V, De Silva N: A review and meta-analysis of the impact of intestinal worms on child growth and nutrition. Matern Child Nutr 2008, 4(Suppl 1):118-236.
• [27]Conteh L, Engels T, Molyneux DH: Socioeconomic aspects of neglected tropical diseases. Lancet 2010, 375(9710):239-247.
• [28]Ter Kuile FO, Terlouw DJ, Phillips-Howard PA, Hawley WA, Friedman JF, Kolczak MS, Kariuki SK, Shi YP, Kwena AM, Vulule JM, Nahlen BL: Impact of permethrin-treated bed nets on malaria and all-cause morbidity in young children in an area of intense perennial malaria transmission in western Kenya: cross-sectional survey. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2003, 68(4 suppl):100-107.
• [29]World Health Organization: Sustaining the drive to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2013.
• [30]Mahmoud A, Zerhouni E: Neglected tropical diseases: moving beyond mass drug treatment to understanding the science. Health Affairs 2009, 28(6):1726-1733.
• [31]Taylor-Robinson D, Jones A, Garner P: Deworming drugs for treating soil-transmitted intestinal worms in children: effects on growth and school performance. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012., 4
• [32]Haider BA, Humayun Q, Bhutta ZA: Effect of administration of antihelminthics for soil transmitted helminths during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012., 2
• [33]WHO: Neglected tropical diseases: preventive chemotherapy and transmission control. 2006. Available at http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241598705_eng.pdf webcite. Access date: May 29, 2014
• [34]D'Alessandro U, Olaleye BO, McGuire W, Langerock P, Bennett S, Aikins MK, Thomson MC, Cham MK, Cham BA, Greenwood BM: Mortality and morbidity from malaria in Gambian children after introduction of an impregnated bednet programme. Lancet 1995, 345(8948):479-483.
• [35]Liu XD, Wang XL, Bai X, Liu XL, Wu XP, Zhao Y, Sun SM, Yu L, Su XZ, Wang ZQ, Wang F, Liu MY: Oral administration with attenuated Salmonella encoding a Trichinella cystatin-like protein elicited host immunity. Exp Parasitol 2014, 141:1-11.
• [36]Clark LF, Miller KS, Nagy SS, Avery J, Roth DL, Liddon N, Mukherjee S: Adult identity mentoring: reducing sexual risk for African-American seventh grade students. J Adolesc Health 2005, 37(4):337.
• [37]Chhabra R, Springer C, Leu CS, Ghosh S, Sharma SK, Rapkin B: Adaptation of an alcohol and HIV school-based prevention program for teens. AIDS Behav 2010, 14(Suppl 1):S177-S184.
• [38]Xia S, Liu J: A belief-based model for characterizing the spread of awareness and its impacts on individuals’ vaccination decisions. J R Soc Interface 2014, 11(94):20140013.
• [39]Harris M, Reza JN: Global Report for Research on Infectious Diseases of Poverty. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2012.
• [40]Huntington D: Health systems perspectives: infectious diseases of poverty. Infect Dis Poverty 2012, 1(1):3.
• [41]Victora CG, Wagstaff A, Schellenberg JA, Gwatkin D, Claeson M, Habicht JP: Applying an equity lens to child health and mortality: more of the same is not enough. Lancet 2003, 362(9379):233-241.
• [42]Ansa GA, Walley JD, Siddiqi K, Wei X: Assessing the impact of TB/HIV services integration on TB treatment outcomes and their relevance in TB/HIV monitoring in Ghana. Infect Dis Poverty 2012, 1:13.
• [43]Dabo A, Bary B, Kouriba B, Sankaré O, Doumbo O: Factors associated with coverage of praziquantel for schistosomiasis control in the community-direct intervention (CDI) approach in Mali (West Africa). Infect Dis Poverty 2013, 2(1):11.
• [44]Ajayi IO, Jegede AS, Falade CO, Sommerfeld J: Assessing resources for implementing a community directed intervention (CDI) strategy in delivering multiple health interventions in urban poor communities in Southwestern Nigeria: a qualitative study. Infect Dis Poverty 2013, 2(1):25.
• [45]Fraser B: Human resources for health in the americas. Lancet 2007, 369(9557):179-180.
• [46]Travis P, Bennett S, Haines A, Pang T, Bhutta Z, Hyder AA, Pielemeier NR, Mills A, Evans T: Overcoming health-systems constraints to achieve the Millennium Development Goals. Lancet 2004, 364(9437):900-906.
• [47]Brady MA, Hooper PJ, Ottesen EA: Projected benefits from integrating NTD programs in sub-Saharan Africa. Trends Parasitol 2006, 22(7):285-291.
• [48]Lewin S, Munabi-Babigumira S, Glenton C, Daniels K, Bosch-Capblanch X, van Wyk BE, Odgaard-Jensen J, Johansen M, Aja GN, Zwarenstein M, Scheel IB: Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health and the management of infectious diseases. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010., (Issue 3) Art. No.: CD004015. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004015
• [49]Global Health Workforce Alliance, World Health Organization: Global Experience of Community Health Workers for Delivery of Health Related Millennium Development Goals: A Systematic Review, Country Case Studies, and Recommendations for Integration into National Health Systems. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010.
• [50]Volmink J, Garner P: Directly observed therapy for treating tuberculosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007., (4) CD003343
• [51]World Health Organization: Community Health Workers: what do we know about them? the state of evidence on programmes, activities, costs and impact of health outcomes of using health workers. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2007.
• [52]Hawley WA, Phillips-Howard PA, ter Kuile FO, Terlouw DJ, Vulule JM, Ombok M, Nahlen BL, Gimnig JE, Kariuki SK, Kolczak MS, Hightower AW: Community-wide effects of permethrin-treated bed nets on child mortality and malaria morbidity in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2003, 68(4):121-127.