Investigation of natural effective gamma dose rates case study: Ardebil Province in Iran

Journal of Environmental Health Science Engineering

Soheila Rahimzadeh⁴  Sahar Zivari²  Manouchehr Barak³  Hadi Sadeghi²  Abbas Naghizadeh Baghi¹  Sadegh Hazrati² 

[1]Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardebil University of Medical Sciences, Ardebil, Iran

[2]Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Ardebil University of Medical Sciences, Ardebil, Iran

[3]School of Medicine, Ardebil University of Medical Sciences, Ardebil, Iran

[4]Ardebil Province Health Center, Ardebil University of Medical Sciences, Ardebil, Iran

关键词: Dose rate;    Outdoor;    Background gamma, Ardebil;   

Others  :  824239
DOI  :  10.1186/1735-2746-9-1

 received in 2012-06-07, accepted in 2012-07-20,  发布年份 2012

【 摘 要 】

Gamma rays pose enough energy to induce chemical changes that may be biologically important for the normal functioning of body cells. The external exposure of human beings to natural environmental gamma radiation normally exceeds that from all man-made sources combined. In this research natural background gamma dose rates and corresponding annual effective doses were determined for selected cities of Ardebil province. Outdoor gamma dose rates were measured using an Ion Chamber Survey Meter in 105 locations in selected districts. Average absorbed doses for Ardebil, Sar-Ein, Germy, Neer, Shourabil Recreational Lake, and Kosar were determined as 265, 219, 344, 233, 352, and 358 nSv/h, respectively. Although dose rates recorded for Germi and Kosar are comparable with some areas with high natural radiation background, however, the dose rates in other districts are well below the levels reported for such locations. Average annual effective dose due to indoor and outdoor gamma radiation for Ardebil province was estimated as 1.73 (1.35–2.39) mSv, which is on average 2 times higher than the world population weighted average.

【 授权许可】

   
2012 Hazrati et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Charles M: UNSCEAR Report 2000: sources and effects of ionizing radiation. J Radiol Prot 2001, 21:83.
• [2]Toxicological Profile for Ionizing Radiation. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR): Toxicological Profile for Ionizing Radiation. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service; 1999.
• [3]UNSCEAR: REPORT Vol. I Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation, Annex A: Dose assessment methodologies. New York: United Nations Scientific Committee on the effects of atomic radiation; 2000.
• [4]Hughes JS, Watson SJ, Jones AL, Oatway WB: Review of the radiation exposure of the UK population. J Radiol Prot 2005, 25:493.
• [5]Selvasekarapandian S, Lakshmi KS, Brahmanandhan GM, Meenakshisundaram V: Indoor gamma dose measurement along the East coast of Tamilnadu, India using TLD. Int Congr Ser 2005, 1276:327-328.
• [6]Hazrati S, Harrad S, Alighadri M, Hadi S, Mokhtari A, Gharari N, Rahimzadeh S: Passive Air Sampling Survey of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether in Private Cars: Implications for Sources and Human Exposure. Iran J Environ Health Sci & Eng 2010, 7:157-164.
• [7]Al-Saleh FS: Measurements of indoor gamma radiation and radon concentrations in dwellings of Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. Appl Radiat Isot 2007, 65:843-848.
• [8]Pollycove M: Nonlinearity of radiation health effects. Environ Health Perspect 1998, 106:363-368.
• [9]Ahmadi H, Mohseni S, Shayegani Akmal AA: Electromagnetic fields near transmission line- problems and solutions. Iran J Environ Health Sci Eng 2010, 7:181-188.
• [10]Al-Ghorabie FH: Measurements of environmental terrestrial gamma radiation dose rate in three mountainous locations in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Environ Res 2005, 98:160-166.
• [11]Arvela H: Population distribution of doses from natural radiation in Finland. Int Congr Ser 2002, 1225:9-14.
• [12]Rybach L, Bachler D, Bucher B, Schwarz G: Radiation doses of Swiss population from external sources. J Environ Radiat 2002, 62:277-286.
• [13]Saghatchi F, Salouti M, Eslami A: Assessment of annual effective dose due to natural gamma radiation in Zanjan (Iran). Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2008, 132:346-349.
• [14]Tavakoli MB: Annual background radiation in the City of Isfahan. Med Sci Monit 2003, 9:7-10.
• [15]Annex B Exposures from Natural Radiation Sources. New york: United Nation; 2000. United Nations Scientific Committee on the effects of atomic radiation
• [16]SCI;. 2011. Available at http://www.amar.org.ir/Upload/Modules/Contents/asset0/jamiat89/jameiat_ardebil89.pdf webcite, accessed in 20/07/2011, Statistical Center of Iran
• [17]Bouzarjomeheri F, Ehrampoush MH: Bouzarjomeheri F, Ehrampoush MH:Gamma background radiation in Yazd province a preliminary report. Iran J Radiat Res 2005, 3:7-20.
• [18]Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA): Average gamma radiation dose rate for phase2 RIMNET monitoring sites. 2001. Available online at: http://archive.defra.gov.uk/evidence/statistics/ environment/radioact/download/xls/ratb18g.xls webcite, accessed in 26/6/2012.
• [19]Ahmed JU: High levels of natural radiation Report of an international conference in Ramsar. 1991. IAEA BULLETIN, 2/1991. Available at: http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Magazines/Bulletin/Bull332/33205143638.pdf webcite
• [20]Sohrabi M, Ahmed J, Durrani S: High levels of natural radiation. Ramsar: Proceeding of the 3rd international conference on high levels of natural radiation; 1990:3-7.
• [21]Bahreini Tosi M, Sadeghzedeh Aghdam A: Evaluation of Environmental Gamma in Azarbayzan. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2001, 2:1-7.
• [22]Bahreini Tousi MT, Oroji MH: An investigation of Gamma radiation in Mashhad and selected sites of suburb. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2000, 2:117-121.
• [23]Bahreini Tousi MT, Jomehzadeh A: Comparison of environmental gamma radiation of Kerman Province and indoor Gamma Dose rate in Kerman cty Using Thermoluminescent Dosimeter (TLD) and RDS-110. Med J Hormozgan University 2005, 9:173-180.
• [24]Bozkurt A, Yorulmaz N, Kam E, Karahan G, Osmanlioglu AE: Assessment of environmental radioactivity for Sanliurfa region of southeastern Turkey. Radiat Meas 2007, 42:1387-1391.
• [25]Hazrati S, Sadeghi H, Amani M, Alizadeh B, Fakhimi H, Rahimzadeh S: Assessment of gamma dose rate in indoor environments in selected districts of Ardebil Province, Northwestern Iran. Int J Occup Hyg 2010, 2:47-50.