Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of oral meloxicam in llamas

BMC Veterinary Research

Paul J Plummer⁴  Lori L Layman⁵  Butch KuKanich²  Jennifer A Schleining¹  Larry W Wulf³  Johann F Coetzee³  Amanda J Kreuder⁵ 

[1] Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA;Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA;Cyclone Custom Analyte Detection Service (CYCADS), College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA;Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine (VMPM), College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA;Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine (VDPAM), College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA

关键词: Oral bioavailability;    NSAIDS;    Meloxicam;    Pharmacokinetics;    Llama;    Camelid;   

Others  :  1119802
DOI  :  10.1186/1746-6148-8-85

 received in 2012-02-10, accepted in 2012-06-21,  发布年份 2012

【 摘 要 】

Background

South American camelids in the United States have rapidly developed into an important agricultural industry in need of veterinary services. Pain management is challenging in camelids because there are no drugs currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in these species. Dosage regimens used for many therapeutic drugs have been extrapolated from other ruminants; however, the pharmacokinetics, in camelids, may differ from those of other species. Studies investigating the pharmacokinetics of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in camelids are deficient in the published literature. Six adult llamas (121- 168 kg) were administered either a 1 mg/kg dose of oral or a 0.5 mg/kg dose of IV meloxicam in a randomized cross-over design with an 11 day washout period between treatments. Plasma samples collected up to 96 hours post-administration were analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry detection (HPLC-MS) followed by non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis.

Results

A mean peak plasma concentration (C_MAX) of 1.314 μg/mL (Range: 0.826 – 1.776 μg/mL) was recorded at 21.4 hours (Range: 12.0 – 24.0 hours) with a half-life (T ½ λ_z) of 22.7 hours (Range: 18.0 – 30.8 hours) after oral meloxicam administration. In comparison, a half-life (T ½ λ_z) of 17.4 hours (Range: 16.2 – 20.7 hours) was demonstrated with IV meloxicam administration. The oral bioavailability (F) of meloxicam (dose normalized) was 76% (Range: 48 – 92%). No adverse effects associated with either treatment modality were observed in the llamas.

Conclusions

The mean bioavailability (F) of oral meloxicam was 76% indicating a high degree of gastrointestinal absorption. Plasma meloxicam concentrations >0.2 μg/mL were maintained for up to 72 h after oral administration; >0.2 μg/mL is considered to be the concentration of meloxicam required for analgesic effects in other species such as the horse. These data suggest that a single dosage of oral meloxicam at 1 mg/kg could potentially maintain therapeutic concentrations in plasma for up to 3 days in adult llamas.

【 授权许可】

   
2012 Kreuder et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

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