Emerging importance of holobionts in evolution and in probiotics

Gut Pathogens

Seyed E Hasnain²  Nasreen Z Ehtesham¹  Javed Musarrat⁴  Javed Ahmad⁴  Yadvir Singh³ 

[1] National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, India;Dr Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Professor CR Rao Road, Hyderabad 500046, India;Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India;Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

关键词: Probiotics;    Holobiont;    Hologenome;    Symbiont;    Evolution;   

Others  :  821497
DOI  :  10.1186/1757-4749-5-12

 received in 2013-05-04, accepted in 2013-05-16,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

The existence of microbe free animals or plants in nature is virtually impossible as they and plants have a certain degree of symbiotic association with microbes. This symbiotic association leads to the formation of holobiont (host and its symbionts). This mutual coexistence is not merely at the physical or chemical level but also at the genetic level leading to the emergence of the concept of hologenome (gene pool of host and its associated symbionts). The abundance of symbionts with the associated gene diversity contributes to the fitness of the holobiont under varying environmental conditions. The hologenome theory of evolution considers the dynamic holobiont as a single unit for natural selection and provides a more accommodating view of evolution blending Darwinism and Lamarkism. Additionally, holobionts are providing scientific basis to our understanding of the growing importance of probiotics in human health and in disease management.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Singh et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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