Predictors and outcomes of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus in patients with aneurysmal sub-arachnoid hemorrhage

BMC Surgery

Cheng-Hsien Lu¹  Hung-Chen Wang⁵  Lian-Hui Lee¹  Chia-Te Kung⁶  Chih-Cheng Huang¹  Wen-Neng Chang¹  Tzu-Ming Yang⁴  Ben Yu-Jih Su³  Wei-Che Lin²  Ben-Chung Cheng³  Nai-Wen Tsai¹  Tsung-Han Lee⁵  Ming-Jung Chuang⁵  Yu-Jun Lin⁷  Yi-Min Wang⁴ 

[1] Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123, Ta Pei Road, Niao Sung district, Kaohsiung 83304, Taiwan;Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Yuan's General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

关键词: Hydrocephalus after spontaneous aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage;    Risk factors;    Outcome;   

Others  :  1123377
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2482-12-12

 received in 2011-06-06, accepted in 2012-06-26,  发布年份 2012

【 摘 要 】

Background

Hydrocephalus following spontaneous aneurysmal sub-arachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is often associated with unfavorable outcome. This study aimed to determine the potential risk factors and outcomes of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus in aneurysmal SAH patients but without hydrocephalus upon arrival at the hospital.

Methods

One hundred and sixty-eight aneurysmal SAH patients were evaluated. Using functional scores, those without hydrocephalus upon arrival at the hospital were compared to those already with hydrocephalus on admission, those who developed it during hospitalization, and those who did not develop it throughout their hospital stay. The Glasgow Coma Score, modified Fisher SAH grade, and World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grade were determined at the emergency room. Therapeutic outcomes immediately after discharge and 18 months after were assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Score.

Results

Hydrocephalus accounted for 61.9% (104/168) of all episodes, including 82 with initial hydrocephalus on admission and 22 with subsequent hydrocephalus. Both the presence of intra-ventricular hemorrhage on admission and post-operative intra-cerebral hemorrhage were independently associated with shunt-dependent hydrocephalus in patients without hydrocephalus on admission. After a minimum 1.5 years of follow-up, the mean Glasgow outcome score was 3.33 ± 1.40 for patients with shunt-dependent hydrocephalus and 4.21 ± 1.19 for those without.

Conclusions

The presence of intra-ventricular hemorrhage, lower mean Glasgow Coma Scale score, and higher mean scores of the modified Fisher SAH and World Federation of Neurosurgical grading on admission imply risk of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus in patients without initial hydrocephalus. These patients have worse short- and long-term outcomes and longer hospitalization.

【 授权许可】

   
2012 Wang et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

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