The importance of parental beliefs and support for pedometer-measured physical activity on school days and weekend days among Canadian children

BMC Public Health

Paul J Veugelers²  Biao Wu²  Jonathan McGavock¹  Katerina Maximova²  Stefan Kuhle³  Kerry A Vander Ploeg² 

[1] Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada;School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton Alberta, Canada;Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics & Gynecology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

关键词: Health promotion;    Public health;    Childhood obesity;    Pedometer;    Physical activity;   

Others  :  1161501
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2458-13-1132

 received in 2013-02-21, accepted in 2013-11-27,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

Parental influences are essential to the behaviours and physical activity of their children. Our study aimed to determine if parental beliefs and support are associated with children’s pedometer measured physical activity levels on school days and weekend days.

Methods

In the spring of 2009 and 2011, we analyzed cross-sectional data from 1,355 grade five students and parents in 30 schools in Alberta, Canada. Parents reported how much they care about exercising, how much they encourage their child to be physically active, and how frequently they engage in physical activities with their child. Physical activity was assessed from step counts obtained from time-stamped pedometers collected over nine consecutive days.

Results

Increased parental encouragement was positively associated with boys’ and girls’ physical activity on school days (Boys: beta = 1373, 95% CI: 606, 2139; Girls: beta = 632, 95% CI: 108, 1155) and girls’ physical activity on weekend days (beta = 997, 95% CI: 130, 1864). Increased parental care was positively associated with boys’ physical activity on weekend days (beta = 1381, 95% CI: 85, 2676). Increased parental support and engagement was associated with an additional 632–1381 steps/day for children in this study.

Conclusions

Parental care, encouragement and engagement are associated with physical activity levels of children 10–11 years of age. Policy makers and researchers should consider the importance of targeting parents when designing strategies to promote physical activity in children. This is particularly relevant to weekends and holidays when children’s activity levels are low.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Vander Ploeg et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Janssen I, Leblanc AG: Systematic review of the health benefits of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children and youth. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2010, 7:40. BioMed Central Full Text
• [2]Colley RC, Garriguet D, Janssen I, Craig CL, Clarke J, Tremblay MS: Physical activity of Canadian children and youth: accelerometer results from the 2007 to 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey. Health Rep 2011, 22:15-23.
• [3]Vander Ploeg KA, Wu B, McGavock J, Veugelers PJ: Physical activity among Canadian children on school days and nonschool days. J Phys Act Health 2012, 9:1138-1145.
• [4]Krebs NF, Himes JH, Jacobson D, Nicklas TA, Guilday P, Styne D: Assessment of child and adolescent overweight and obesity. Pediatr 2007, 120(Suppl 4):S193-S228.
• [5]Brustad RJ: Who Will Go Out and Play? Parental and psychological influences on children’s attraction to physical activity. Pediatr Exerc Sci 1993, 5:210-223.
• [6]Prochaska JJ, Rodgers MW, Sallis JF: Association of parent and peer support with adolescent physical activity. Res Q Exerc Sport 2002, 73:206-210.
• [7]Sallis JF, Prochaska JJ, Taylor WC: A review of correlates of physical activity of children and adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000, 32:963-975.
• [8]Duncan SC, Duncan TE, Strycker LA: Sources and types of social support in youth physical activity. Health Psychol 2005, 24:3-10.
• [9]Moore LL, Lombardi DA, White MJ, Campbell JL, Oliveria SA, Ellison RC: Influence of parents’ physical activity levels on activity levels of young children. J Pediatr 1991, 118:215-219.
• [10]Sallis JF, Alcaraz JE, McKenzie TL, Hovell MF, Kolody B, Nader PR: Parental behavior in relation to physical activity and fitness in 9-year-old children. Am J Dis Child 1992, 146:1383-1388.
• [11]Vander Ploeg KA, Maximova K, Kuhle S, Simen-Kapeu A, Veugelers PJ: The importance of parental beliefs and support for physical activity and body weights of children: a population-based analysis. Can J Public Health 2012, 103:e277-e281.
• [12]Jones RA, Hinkley T, Okely AD, Salmon J: Tracking physical activity and sedentary behavior in childhood: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med 2013, 44:651-658.
• [13]Telama R: Tracking of physical activity from childhood to adulthood: a review. Obes Facts 2009, 2:187-195.
• [14]Simen-Kapeu A, Veugelers PJ: Should public health interventions aimed at reducing childhood overweight and obesity be gender-focused? BMC Public Health 2010, 10:340. BioMed Central Full Text
• [15]Fung C, Kuhle S, Lu C, Purcell M, Schwartz M, Storey K, Veugelers PJ: From “best practice” to “next practice”: the effectiveness of school-based health promotion in improving healthy eating and physical activity and preventing childhood obesity. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2012, 9:27. BioMed Central Full Text
• [16]Davison KK, Cutting TM, Birch LL: Parents’ activity-related parenting practices predict girls’ physical activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003, 35:1589-1595.
• [17]Hasson R, Haller J, Pober D, Staudenmayer J, Freedson P: Validity of the Omron HJ-112 pedometer during treadmill walking. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009, 41:805.
• [18]Holbrook E, Barreira T, Kang M: Validity and reliability of Omron pedometers for prescribed and self-paced walking. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009, 41:670.
• [19]Zhu W, Lee M: Invariance of wearing location of Omron-BI pedometers: a validation study. J Phys Act Health 2010, 7:706.
• [20]Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH: Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ 2000, 320:1240-1243.
• [21]Penpraze V, Reilly JJ, MacLean CM, Montgomery C, Kelly LA: Monitoring of physical activity in young children: how much is enough? Pediatr Exerc Sci 2006, 18:483-491.
• [22]Craig CL, Tudor-Locke C, Cragg S, Cameron C: Process and treatment of pedometer data collection for youth: the Canadian Physical Activity Levels among Youth study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010, 42:430-435.
• [23]Ridley K, Ainsworth BE, Olds TS: Development of a compendium of energy expenditures for youth. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2008, 5:45. BioMed Central Full Text
• [24]Ainsworth BE, Haskell WL, Whitt MC, Irwin ML, Swartz AM, Strath SJ, Brien WILLIAML O, Bassett DAVIDR, Schmitz KH, Emplaincourt PO: Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000, 32:S498-S504.
• [25]Trost SG, Pate RR, Freedson PS, Sallis JF, Taylor WC: Using objective physical activity measures with youth: how many days of monitoring are needed? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000, 32:426-431.
• [26]Jago R, Watson K, Baranowski T, Zakeri I, Yoo S, Baranowski J, Conry K: Pedometer reliability, validity and daily activity targets among 10- to 15-year-old boys. J Sports Sci 2006, 24:241-251.
• [27]Kang M, Rowe DA, Barreira TV, Robinson TS, Mahar MT: Individual information-centered approach for handling physical activity missing data. Res Q Exerc Sport 2009, 80:131-137.
• [28]Duncan MJ, Al-Nakeeb Y, Woodfield L, Lyons M: Pedometer determined physical activity levels in primary school children from central England. Prev Med 2007, 44:416-420.
• [29]McGall SE, McGuigan MR, Nottle C: Contribution of free play towards physical activity guidelines for New Zealand primary school children aged 7–9 years. Br J Sports Med 2011, 45:120-124.
• [30]Nyberg GA, Nordenfelt AM, Ekelund U, Marcus C: Physical activity patterns measured by accelerometry in 6- to 10-yr-old children. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009, 41:1842-1848.
• [31]Rowe DA, Mahar MT, Raedeke TD, Lore J: Measuring physical activity in children with pedometers: Reliability, reactivity, and replacement of missing data. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2004, 16:343-354.
• [32]Rowlands AV, Pilgrim EL, Eston RG: Patterns of habitual activity across weekdays and weekend days in 9-11-year-old children. Prev Med 2008, 46:317-324.
• [33]McGuire MT, Hannan PJ, Neumark-Sztainer D, Cossrow NH, Story M: Parental correlates of physical activity in a racially/ethnically diverse adolescent sample. J Adolesc Health 2002, 30:253-261.
• [34]Trost SG, Sallis JF, Pate RR, Freedson PS, Taylor WC, Dowda M: Evaluating a model of parental influence on youth physical activity. Am J Prev Med 2003, 25:277-282.
• [35]Finn-Aage E, Melde C, Taylor TJ, Peterson D: Active parental consent in school-based research: how much is enough and how do we get it. Eval Rev 2008, 32:335-362.
• [36]Rothman KJ, Greenland S, Lash TL: Modern Epidemiology. Third edition. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008.
• [37]Baranowski T, O’Connor T, Hughes S, Sleddens E, Beltran A, Frankel L, Mendoza JA, Baranowski J: Houston. We have a problem! Measurement of parenting. Child Obes 2013, 9(S1):S1-S4.
• [38]Trost SG, McDonald S, Cohen A: Measurement of general and specific approaches to physical activity parenting: a systematic review. Child Obes 2013, 9(Suppl):S40-S50.