Increased incidence of invasive bacterial disease in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared to the general population-a population based cohort study

BMC Infectious Diseases

Arne Egesten¹  Adam Roth⁴  Claes-Göran Löfdahl¹  Bengt Ljungberg⁵  Gunnar Engström²  Malin Inghammar³ 

[1] Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden;Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Group, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden;Department of Infectious Diseases, Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden;Medical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden;Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden

关键词: Sepsis;    Infection;    Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;    Epidemiology;    Bacteraemia;   

Others  :  1134262
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2334-14-163

 received in 2013-06-09, accepted in 2014-03-18,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Innate defence mechanisms of the airways are impaired in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), predisposing patients to lower respiratory tract infections, but less is known about the association with other infections. In this population-based cohort study, we investigated the associations between COPD and invasive bacterial disease by comparing incidence rates of bacteraemia in COPD patients and randomly selected reference individuals from the general population.

Methods

In this population based cohort study all patients with COPD, ≥40 years of age, who were discharged from hospitals in southern Sweden between 1990 and 2003 were identified in the Swedish Inpatient Register (n = 15,403). Age and gender matched reference individuals were randomly selected from the general population. Records were cross-referenced to the microbiological databases covering the region, 1990–2010. The hazard ratios (HR) of bloodstream infections and hospitalisations for infections were estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results

We found that individuals with COPD had a 2.5-fold increased incidence of bacteraemia compared to the reference individuals from the general population adjusted for other co-morbidity and socio-economic status (hazard ratio: 2.5, 95% confidence interval: 2.2-2.7). The increased incidence of bacteraemia was paralleled by an increased incidence of hospitalisation for non-respiratory infections, i.e., skin infections, pyelonephritis, or septic arthritis. Despite higher absolute rates of bloodstream infections among COPD patients than among the general population, the distribution of different pathogens was similar.

Conclusions

In summary this population-based study shows COPD is associated with an increased incidence of invasive bacterial infections compared to the general population, indicating a general frailty of acquiring severe infections in addition to the specific susceptibility to infections of respiratory origin. The underlying contributory factors (e.g. smoking, corticosteroid use, co-morbid diseases or a frailty inherent to COPD itself) need to be disentangled in further studies.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Inghammar et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

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