Genetic diversity and antifungal susceptibility profiles in causative agents of sporotrichosis

BMC Infectious Diseases

Zoilo Pires de Camargo¹  Arnaldo Lopes Colombo⁵  Marcos Fabio Gadelha³  José Júlio da Costa Sidrim⁴  Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brihante⁴  Débora de Cássia Pires⁵  G Sybren de Hoog²  Anderson Messias Rodrigues¹ 

[1] Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Cellular Biology Division, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil;Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands;Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Science, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil;Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil;Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Section, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil

关键词: Intraspecific diversity;    MFC;    MIC;    Multidrug resistance;    Sporothrix brasiliensis;    Sporothrix schenckii;   

Others  :  1134037
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2334-14-219

 received in 2014-01-11, accepted in 2014-04-10,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Sporotrichosis is a chronic subcutaneous mycosis of humans and animals, which is typically acquired by traumatic inoculation of plant material contaminated with Sporothrix propagules, or via animals, mainly felines. Sporothrix infections notably occur in outbreaks, with large epidemics currently taking place in southeastern Brazil and northeastern China. Pathogenic species include Sporothrix brasiliensis, Sporothrix schenckii s. str., Sporothrix globosa, and Sporothrix luriei, which exhibit differing geographical distribution, virulence, and resistance to antifungals. The phylogenetically remote species Sporothrix mexicana also shows a mild pathogenic potential.

Methods

We assessed a genetically diverse panel of 68 strains. Susceptibility profiles of medically important Sporothrix species were evaluated by measuring the MICs and MFCs for amphotericin B (AMB), fluconazole (FLC), itraconazole (ITC), voriconazole (VRC), posaconazole (PCZ), flucytosine (5FC), and caspofungin (CAS). Haplotype networks were constructed to reveal interspecific divergences within clinical Sporothrix species to evaluate genetically deviant isolates.

Results

ITC and PCZ were moderately effective against S. brasiliensis (MIC₉₀ = 2 and 2 μg/mL, respectively) and S. schenckii (MIC₉₀ = 4 and 2 μg/mL, respectively). PCZ also showed low MICs against the rare species S. mexicana. 5FC, CAS, and FLC showed no antifungal activity against any Sporothrix species. The minimum fungicidal concentration ranged from 2 to >16 μg/mL for AMB against S. brasiliensis and S. schenckii, while the MFC₉₀ was >16 μg/mL for ITC, VRC, and PCZ.

Conclusion

Sporothrix species in general showed high degrees of resistance against antifungals. Evaluating a genetically diverse panel of strains revealed evidence of multidrug resistant phenotypes, underlining the need for molecular identification of etiologic agents to predict therapeutic outcome.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Rodrigues et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

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