The addition of locust bean gum but not water delayed the gastric emptying rate of a nutrient semisolid meal in healthy subjects

BMC Gastroenterology

Lars-olof Almér²  Ola Björgell¹  Gassan Darwiche² 

[1] Department of Radiology, University of Lund, Malmo University Hospital, Sweden;Department of Internal Medicine, University of Lund, Malmo University Hospital, Sweden

关键词: Semisolid meal;    Viscous fiber;    Dietary fiber;    Healthy humans;    Real-time Ultrasound;    Gastric Emptying;   

Others  :  1215890
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-230X-3-12

 received in 2003-02-05, accepted in 2003-06-06,  发布年份 2003

【 摘 要 】

Background

Most of the previous studies regarding the effects of gel-forming fibres have considered the gastric emptying of liquid or solid meals after the addition of pectin or guar gum. The influence of locust bean gum, on gastric emptying of nutrient semisolid meals in humans has been less well studied, despite its common occurrence in foods. Using a standardised ultrasound method, this study was aimed at investigating if the gastric emptying in healthy subjects could be influenced by adding locust been gum, a widely used thickening agent, or water directly into a nutrient semisolid test meal.

Methods

The viscosity of a basic test meal (300 g rice pudding, 330 kcal) was increased by adding Nestargel (6 g, 2.4 kcal), containing viscous dietary fibres (96.5%) provided as seed flour of locust bean gum, and decreased by adding 100 ml of water. Gastric emptying of these three test meals were evaluated in fifteen healthy non-smoking volunteers, using ultrasound measurements of the gastric antral area to estimate the gastric emptying rate (GER).

Results

The median value of GER with the basic test meal (rice pudding) was estimated at 63 %, (range 47 to 84 %), (the first quartile = 61 %, the third quartile = 69 %). Increasing the viscosity of the rice pudding by adding Nestargel, resulted in significantly lower gastric emptying rates (p < 0.01), median GER 54 %, (range 7 to 71 %), (the first quartile = 48 %, the third quartile = 60 %). When the viscosity of the rice pudding was decreased (basic test meal added with water), the difference in median GER 65 %, (range 38 to 79 %), (the first quartile = 56 %, the third quartile = 71 %) was not significantly different (p = 0.28) compared to the GER of the basic test meal.

Conclusions

We conclude that the addition of locust bean gum to a nutrient semisolid meal has a major impact on gastric emptying by delaying the emptying rate, but that the addition of water to this test meal has no influence on gastric emptying in healthy subjects.

【 授权许可】

   
2003 Darwiche et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original URL.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Horowitz M, Dent J, Fraser R, Sun W, Hebbard G: Role and integration of mechanisms controlling gastric emptying. Dig Dis Sci 1994, 39:7S-13S.
• [2]Attvall S, Abrahamsson H, Schvarcz E, Berne C: [Gastric emptying is important for the patients with diabetes]. Läkartidningen 92(45):4166, 4169-4171-2. 1995 Nov 8
• [3]Lavigne ME, Wiley ZD, Meyer JH, Martin P, MacGregor IL: Gastric emptying rates of solid food in relation to body size. Gastroenterology 1978, 74(6):1258-60.
• [4]Sun WM, Penagini R, Hebbard G, et al.: Effect of drink temperature on antropyloroduodenal motility and gastric electrical activity in humans. Gut 1995, 37(3):329-34.
• [5]Scott AM, Kellow JE, Shuter B, Nolan JM, Hoschl R, Jones MP: Effects of cigarette smoking on solid and liquid intragastric distribution and gastric emptying. Gastroenterology 1993, 104(2):410-6.
• [6]Smith U: Dietary fibre, diabetes and obesity. Int J Obes 1987, 11(Suppl 1):27-31.
• [7]Jenkins DJ, Jenkins AL: Dietary fiber and the glycemic response. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1985, 180(3):422-31.
• [8]Ray TK, Mansell KM, Knight LC, Malmud LS, Owen OE, Boden G: Long-term effects of dietary fiber on glucose tolerance and gastric emptying in noninsulin-dependent diabetic patients. Am J Clin Nutr 1983, 37(3):376-81.
• [9]Blackburn NA, Holgate AM, Read NW: Does guar gum improve post-prandial hyperglycaemia in humans by reducing small intestinal contact area? Br J Nutr 1984, 52(2):197-204.
• [10]Schwartz SE, Levine RA, Weinstock RS, Petokas S, Mills CA, Thomas FD: Sustained pectin ingestion: effect on gastric emptying and glucose tolerance in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Am J Clin Nutr 1988, 48(6):1413-7.
• [11]Torsdottir I, Alpsten M, Andersson H, Einarsson S: Dietary guar gum effects on postprandial blood glucose, insulin and hydroxyproline in humans. J Nutr 1989, 119(12):1925-31.
• [12]Leclere CJ, Champ M, Boillot J, et al.: Role of viscous guar gums in lowering the glycemic response after a solid meal. Am J Clin Nutr 1994, 59(4):914-21.
• [13]Benini L, Castellani G, Brighenti F, et al.: Gastric emptying of a solid meal is accelerated by the removal of dietary fibre naturally present in food. Gut 1995, 36(6):825-30.
• [14]Blackburn NA, Redfern JS, Jarjis H, et al.: The mechanism of action of guar gum in improving glucose tolerance in man. Clin Sci (Lond) 1984, 66(3):329-36.
• [15]Flourie B, Vidon N, Florent CH, Bernier JJ: Effect of pectin on jejunal glucose absorption and unstirred layer thickness in normal man. Gut 1984, 25(9):936-41.
• [16]Torsdottir I, Andersson H: Effect on the postprandial glycaemic level of the addition of water to a meal ingested by healthy subjects and type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Diabetologia 1989, 32(4):231-5.
• [17]Collins PJ, Horowitz M, Cook DJ, Harding PE, Shearman DJ: Gastric emptying in normal subjects – a reproducible technique using a single scintillation camera and computer system. Gut 1983, 24(12):1117-25.
• [18]Camilleri M, Malagelada JR, Brown ML, Becker G, Zinsmeister AR: Relation between antral motility and gastric emptying of solids and liquids in humans. Am J Physiol 1985, 249(5 Pt 1):G580-5.
• [19]Houghton LA, Read NW, Heddle R, et al.: Relationship of the motor activity of the antrum, pylorus, and duodenum to gastric emptying of a solid-liquid mixed meal. Gastroenterology 1988, 94(6):1285-91.
• [20]Powell DW: Approach to the Patient With Diarrhea. In In Textbook of Gastroenterology. second edition. Edited by Yamada T. JB Lippincott Company, Philadelphia; 1995:813.
• [21]Darwiche G, Almer LO, Bjorgell O, Cederholm C, Nilsson P: Measurement of gastric emptying by standardized real-time ultrasonography in healthy subjects and diabetic patients. J Ultrasound Med 1999, 18(10):673-82.
• [22]Darwiche G, Björgell O, Thorsson O, Almer LO: Correlation between simultaneous scintigraphic and ultrasonographic measurement of gastric emptying in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Ultrasound Med 2003, 22:459-66.
• [23]Ricci R, Bontempo I, Corazziari E, La Bella A, Torsoli A: Real time ultrasonography of the gastric antrum. Gut 1993, 34(2):173-6.
• [24]Feldman N, Norenberg C, Voet H, Manor E, Berner Y, Madar Z: Enrichment of an Israeli ethnic food with fibres and their effects on the glycaemic and insulinaemic responses in subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Br J Nutr 1995, 74(5):681-8.
• [25]Williams DR, James WP, Evans IE: Dietary fibre supplementation of a 'normal' breakfast administered to diabetics. Diabetologia 1980, 18(5):379-83.
• [26]Rydning A, Berstad A, Berstad T, Hertzenberg L: The effect of guar gum and fiber-enriched wheat bran on gastric emptying of a semisolid meal in healthy subjects. Scand J Gastroenterol 1985, 20(3):330-4.
• [27]Marciani L, Gowland PA, Spiller RC, et al.: Gastric response to increased meal viscosity assessed by echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging in humans. J Nutr 2000, 130(1):122-7.
• [28]Quigley EM, Donovan JP, Lane MJ, Gallagher TF: Antroduodenal manometry. Usefulness and limitations as an outpatient study. Dig Dis Sci 1992, 37(1):20-8.
• [29]Heddle R, Dent J, Read NW, et al.: Antropyloroduodenal motor responses to intraduodenal lipid infusion in healthy volunteers. Am J Physiol 1988, 254(5 Pt 1):G671-9.
• [30]Brener W, Hendrix TR, McHugh PR: Regulation of the gastric emptying of glucose. Gastroenterology 1983, 85(1):76-82.
• [31]Buysschaert M, Donckier J, Dive A, Ketelslegers JM, Lambert AE: Gastric acid and pancreatic polypeptide responses to sham feeding are impaired in diabetic subjects with autonomic neuropathy. Diabetes 1985, 34(11):1181-5.
• [32]Hosking DJ, Moody F, Stewart IM, Atkinson M: Vagal impairment of gastric secretion in diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Br Med J 1975, 2(5971):588-90. 1975 Jun 14
• [33]Lin HC, Moller NA, Wolinsky MM, Kim BH, Doty JE, Meyer JH: Sustained slowing effect of lentils on gastric emptying of solids in humans and dogs. Gastroenterology 1992, 102(3):787-92.
• [34]Stephen AM, Cummings JH: Mechanism of action of dietary fibre in the human colon. Nature 284(5753):283-4. 1980 Mar 20
• [35]Horowitz M, Fraser R: Disordered gastric motor function in diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 1994, 37(6):543-51.