Immunological markers of Plasmodium vivax exposure and immunity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMC Medicine

Freya J I Fowkes²  Julie A Simpson¹  James G Beeson³  Paul A Agius⁴  Rosanna Powell⁴  Julia C Cutts⁴ 

[1] Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia;Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine and Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia;Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;Macfarlane Burnet Institute of Medical Research, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia

关键词: Meta-analysis;    Systematic review;    Epidemiology;    Antibodies;    Immunity;    Plasmodium vivax;    Malaria;   

Others  :  1121470
DOI  :  10.1186/s12916-014-0150-1

 received in 2014-05-16, accepted in 2014-08-12,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Identifying Plasmodium vivax antigen-specific antibodies associated with P. vivax infection and protective immunity is key to the development of serosurveillance tools and vaccines for malaria. Antibody targets of P. vivax can be identified by seroepidemiological studies of individuals living in P. vivax-endemic areas, and is an important strategy given the limited ability to culture P. vivax in vitro. There have been numerous studies investigating the association between P. vivax antibody responses and P. vivax infection, but there has been no standardization of results to enable comparisons across populations.

Methods

We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis of population-based, cross-sectional, case–control, and cohort studies of individuals living in P. vivax-endemic areas. We searched 6 databases and identified 18 studies that met predefined inclusion and quality criteria, and examined the association between antibody responses to P. vivax antigens and P. vivax malaria.

Results

The majority of studies were published in South America (all from Brazil) and the rest from geographically diverse areas in the Asia-Pacific region. Considerable heterogeneity in estimates was observed, but IgG responses to PvCSP, PvMSP-1₁₉, PvMSP-9_RIRII, and PvAMA1 were associated with increased odds of P. vivax infection in geographically diverse populations. Potential sources of heterogeneity included study design, different transmission intensities and transmigrant populations. Protective associations were observed for antibodies to PvMSP-1₁₉, PvMSP-1_NT, PvMSP-3α and PvMSP-9_NT antigens, but only in single geographical locations.

Conclusions

This systematic review revealed several antigen-specific antibodies that were associated with active infection and protective immunity, which may be useful biomarkers. However, more studies are needed on additional antigens, particularly cohort studies to increase the body of evidence for protective immunity. More studies representing diverse geographical regions encompassing varying P. vivax endemicities are needed to validate the generalizability of the findings and to provide a solid evidence base for the use of P. vivax antigens in vaccines and serosurveillance tools.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Cutts et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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