Comparative genomics of Bradyrhizobium japonicum CPAC 15 and Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens CPAC 7: elite model strains for understanding symbiotic performance with soybean

BMC Genomics

Mariangela Hungria³  Ana Tereza Ribeiro Vasconcelos¹  Esperanza Martínez-Romero⁴  Andre Shigueyoshi Nakatani³  Jesiane Stefânia Silva Batista²  Fernando Gomes Barcellos⁵  Luiz Gonzaga Paula Almeida¹  Elisete Pains Rodrigues⁵  Rangel Celso Souza¹  Ernesto Ormeño-Orrillo⁴  Arthur Fernandes Siqueira³ 

[1] Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Rua Getúlio Vargas 333, Petrópolis, RJ 25651-071, Brazil;Department Structural, Molecular and Genetic Biology, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, Ponta Grossa, PR 84030-900, Brazil;Embrapa Soja, C.P. 231, Londrina, PR 86001-970, Brazil;Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico;UEL, Depto. General Biology, C.P. 60001, Londrina, PR 86051-990, Brazil

关键词: Phytohormone synthesis;    Secondary metabolism;    Surface polysaccharides;    Membrane transporters;    Horizontal gene transfer;    Secretion systems;    Competitiveness;    Nitrogen fixation;    Nodulation;    Symbiosis;   

Others  :  1216752
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2164-15-420

 received in 2014-03-02, accepted in 2014-05-20,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

The soybean-Bradyrhizobium symbiosis can be highly efficient in fixing nitrogen, but few genomic sequences of elite inoculant strains are available. Here we contribute with information on the genomes of two commercial strains that are broadly applied to soybean crops in the tropics. B. japonicum CPAC 15 (=SEMIA 5079) is outstanding in its saprophytic capacity and competitiveness, whereas B. diazoefficiens CPAC 7 (=SEMIA 5080) is known for its high efficiency in fixing nitrogen. Both are well adapted to tropical soils. The genomes of CPAC 15 and CPAC 7 were compared to each other and also to those of B. japonicum USDA 6^T and B. diazoefficiens USDA 110^T.

Results

Differences in genome size were found between species, with B. japonicum having larger genomes than B. diazoefficiens. Although most of the four genomes were syntenic, genome rearrangements within and between species were observed, including events in the symbiosis island. In addition to the symbiotic region, several genomic islands were identified. Altogether, these features must confer high genomic plasticity that might explain adaptation and differences in symbiotic performance. It was not possible to attribute known functions to half of the predicted genes. About 10% of the genomes was composed of exclusive genes of each strain, but up to 98% of them were of unknown function or coded for mobile genetic elements. In CPAC 15, more genes were associated with secondary metabolites, nutrient transport, iron-acquisition and IAA metabolism, potentially correlated with higher saprophytic capacity and competitiveness than seen with CPAC 7. In CPAC 7, more genes were related to the metabolism of amino acids and hydrogen uptake, potentially correlated with higher efficiency of nitrogen fixation than seen with CPAC 15.

Conclusions

Several differences and similarities detected between the two elite soybean-inoculant strains and between the two species of Bradyrhizobium provide new insights into adaptation to tropical soils, efficiency of N₂ fixation, nodulation and competitiveness.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Siqueira et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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