The history of the North African mitochondrial DNA haplogroup U6 gene flow into the African, Eurasian and American continents

BMC Evolutionary Biology

Ana M González⁴  José J Pestano²  Phillip Endicott¹  Vicente M Cabrera⁴  José M Larruga⁴  Rosa Fregel⁵  Bernard Secher³ 

[1] UMR 7206 Eco-anthropologie. Equipe “génétique des populations humaines”, Musée de l’Homme. CP139. 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France;Forensic Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Legal Medicine of Las Palmas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain;Administrator of U6 mtDNA project at Family Tree DNA, Houston, TX, USA;Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain;Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain

关键词: Phylogeography;    Phylogeny;    Haplogroup U6;    Mitochondrial DNA;    Human evolution;    Population genetics;   

Others  :  855552
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2148-14-109

 received in 2013-10-02, accepted in 2014-05-09,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome analyses have greatly improved the phylogeny and phylogeography of human mtDNA. Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup U6 has been considered as a molecular signal of a Paleolithic return to North Africa of modern humans from southwestern Asia.

Results

Using 230 complete sequences we have refined the U6 phylogeny, and improved the phylogeographic information by the analysis of 761 partial sequences. This approach provides chronological limits for its arrival to Africa, followed by its spreads there according to climatic fluctuations, and its secondary prehistoric and historic migrations out of Africa colonizing Europe, the Canary Islands and the American Continent.

Conclusions

The U6 expansions and contractions inside Africa faithfully reflect the climatic fluctuations that occurred in this Continent affecting also the Canary Islands. Mediterranean contacts drove these lineages to Europe, at least since the Neolithic. In turn, the European colonization brought different U6 lineages throughout the American Continent leaving the specific sign of the colonizers origin.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Secher et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 4.

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