Aerobic bacteria in post surgical wound infections and pattern of their antimicrobial susceptibility in Ayder Teaching and Referral Hospital, Mekelle, Ethiopia

BMC Research Notes

Araya Gebreyesus Wasihun³  Derbew Fikadu Berhe¹  Muthupandian Saravanan³  Berhe Gebre-Slassie Kasa²  Reiye Esayas Mengesha² 

[1] Department of Pharmacy Mekelle University, College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia;Department of Surgery Mekelle University, College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia;Department of Medical Microbiology, Mekelle University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia

关键词: Drug resistance;    Antimicrobial susceptibility;    Aerobic bacteria;    Post-surgical wound infection;    Surgical ward;   

Others  :  1130065
DOI  :  10.1186/1756-0500-7-575

 received in 2014-04-23, accepted in 2014-08-18,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Post surgical wound infections are global problem in the field of surgery associated with long hospital stay, higher treatment expenditure, morbidity and mortality. Hence to address the limited data in Ethiopia on post surgical wound infections, we conducted this research to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of aerobic bacteria in post-surgical wound infected patients in Ayder teaching and referral hospital, Mekelle, Ethiopia.

Methods

Hospital based prospective cross sectional study was carried-out in 128 patients who had undergone surgery in general surgery and orthopaedic wards, and showed symptoms of infection clinically from January to June 2012. Standard bacteriological methods were used for bacterial isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.

Results

A total of 128 patients (98 male and 30 female) with clinical signs of post surgical wound infections were enrolled. The age of the patients ranged from 15–79 years (with mean 35.95 ± 19.01 years). Out of the 128 wound swabs taken, 96/128 (75%) were culture positive aerobically, yielding 123 bacterial isolates. Out of these the predominant bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus 44 (35.77%), Klebsiella species 29 (22.76%) and Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS) 18 (14.63%). No bacterial isolates was found to be sensitive to all antibiotics tested. Isolated bacteria showed 102/123 (82.92%) multi drug resistance to the commonly used antibiotics in the hospital. However, 54/ 65 (83.1%) of Gram negative and 58/58 (100%) of Gram positive isolates were sensitive to Gentamicin and Vancomycin, respectively.

Conclusion

Prevalence of was Post-operative wound infections rate in this current study was 75% and multi drug resistance was seen in 102/123(82.92%) of the isolates leaving clinicians with few choices of drugs for the treatment of post surgical wound infected patients. This underscores for periodic surveillance of etiologic agent and antibiotic susceptibility to prevent further emergence and spread of resistant bacteria pathogens.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Mengesha et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Anguzu JR, Olila D: Drug sensitivity patterns of bacterial isolates from septic post-operative wounds in a regional referral hospital in Uganda. Afr Health Sci 2007, 7(3):148-154.
• [2]Raza MS, Chander A, Ranabhat A: Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the bacterial isolates in post-operative wound infections in a tertiary care hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. OJMM 2013, 3(3):159-163.
• [3]Isibor JO, Oseni A, Eyaufe A, Osagie R, Turay A: Incidence of aerobic bacteria & Candida albicans in post-operative wound infections. Afr J Microbial Res 2008, 2:288-291.
• [4]Andhoga J, Macharia AG, Maikuma IR, Wanyonyi ZS, Ayumba BR, Kakai R: Aerobic pathogenic bacteria in post-operative wounds at Moi teaching and referral hospital. East Afr Med J 2002, 79(12):640-644.
• [5]Fadeyi A, Adigun I, Rahman G: Bacteriological pattern of wound swab isolates in patients with chronic leg ulcer. Int J Health Res 2008, 1(4):183-188.
• [6]Masaadeh HA, Jaran AS: Incident of pseudomonas aeruginosa in post-operative wound infection. Am J Infect Dis 2009, 5(1):1-6.
• [7]Ranjan K, Ranjan N, Bansal S, Arora D: Prevalence of pseudomonas aeruginosa in post-operative wound infection in a referral hospital in Haryana, India. J Lab Physicians 2010, 2(2):74-77.
• [8]Taye M: Wound infection in Tikur Anbessa hospital, surgical department. Ethiop Med J 2005, 43(3):167-174.
• [9]Endalafer N, Gebre-Selassie S, Kotiso B: Nosocomial bacterial infections in a tertiary hospital in Ethiopia. J Infect Prevention 2011, 12(1):38-43.
• [10]Godebo G, Kibru G, Tassew H: Multidrug-resistant bacteria isolates in infected wounds at Jimma, Ethiopia. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2013, 12:13. BioMed Central Full Text
• [11]Mulu A, Moges F, Tessema B, Kassu A: Pattern and multiple drug resistance of bacterial pathogens isolated from wound infection at University of Gondar Teaching Hospital, North West Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J 2006, 44(2):125-131.
• [12]Tesfahunegn Z, Asrat D, Woldeamanuel Y: Bacteriology of surgical site and catheter related urinary tract infections among patients admitted in Mekelle hospital, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J 2009, 47(2):117-127.
• [13]Goswami NN, Trivedi HR, Goswami AP, Patel TK, Tripathi CB: Antibiotic sensitivity profile of bacterial pathogens in postoperative wound infections at a tertiary care hospital in Gujarat, India. Pharmacol Pharmacother 2011, 2(3):158-164.
• [14]Chaudhary SD, Vives MJ, Reiter MF: Postoperative spinal wound infections and postprocedural diskitis. J Spinal Cord Me 2007, 30(5):441-451.
• [15]CLSI: Perfomance standars for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; twenty first information supplement, vol. CLSI document M100-S21. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2011.
• [16]Odedina EA, Eletta EA, Baloun RA, Idowu O: Isolates from wound infections at federal medical center, BIDA. Afr J clin exper microbio 2007, 8(2):26-32.
• [17]Dinda V, Gunturu R, Kariuki S, Hakeem A, Raja A, Kimang A: Pattern of pathogens and their sensitivity isolated from surgical site infections at the Aga khan university hospital, Kenya. Ethiop J Health Sci 2013, 23(2):141-149.
• [18]Amrita S, Sheetal R, Narendra N: Aerobic micro-organisms in post-operative wound infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. J Clin Diag Res 2010, 4(6):3392-3396.
• [19]Guta M, Aragaw K, Merid Y: Bacteria from infected surgical wounds and their antimicrobial resistance in Hawassa University Referral Teaching Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. AJMR 2014, 8(11):1118-1124.
• [20]Sani RA, Garba SA, Oyewole OA, Ibrahim A: Antibiotic resistance profile of gram positive bacteria isolated from wound infections in Minna, Bida, Kontagora and Suleja area of Niger State. J Health Sci 2012, 2(3):19-22.
• [21]Bowler PG, Duerden BI, Armstrong DG: Wound microbiology and associated approaches to wound management. Clin Microbiol Rev 2001, 14(2):244-269.
• [22]Pondei K, Fente BG, Oladapo O: Current microbial isolates from wound swabs, their culture and sensitivity pattern at the Niger delta university teaching hospital, Okolobiri, Nigeria. Trop Med Health 2013, 41(2):49-53.
• [23]Rao R, Sumathi S, Anuradha K, Venkatesh D, Krishna S: Bacteriology of postoperative wound infections. Int J Pharm Biomed Res 2013, 4(2):72-76.
• [24]Mulu W, Kibru G, Damtie M: Postoperative nosocomial infections and antimicrobial resistance pattern of bacteria isolates among patients admitted at felege hiwot referral hospital, bahirdar, Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci 2012, 22(10):7-18.
• [25]Adegoke AA, Tom M, Okoh AI, Jacob S: Studies on multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria isolated from surgical site infection. Sci Res Essays 2010, 5(24):3876-3881.
• [26]Singh A, Sikka R, Maggu NK, Deep , Antrikshdeep , Chaudhary U, Gill PS, Sehgal PK: Prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacteria isolated from nosocomial patients. J Orthopaedics 2010, 7(2):e3.
• [27]Fehr J, Hatz C, Soka I, Kibatala P, Urassa H, Smith T, Mshinda H, Frei R, Widmer A: Risk factors for surgical site infection in a Tanzanian district hospital: a challenge for the traditional National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance system index. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2006, 27(12):1401-1404.
• [28]Razavi SM, Ibrahimpoor M, Sabouri Kashani A, Jafarian A: Abdominal surgical site infections: incidence and risk factors at an Iranian teaching hospital. BM Surg 2005, 5:2. BioMed Central Full Text