Low birth weight in São Luís, northeastern Brazil: trends and associated factors

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

Marco Antônio Barbieri¹  Rosângela Fernandes Lucena Batista³  Vanda Maria Ferreira Simões³  Fernando Lamy Filho³  Marcelo Zubarán Goldani²  Heloísa Bettiol¹  Antônio Augusto Moura da Silva³  Helma Jane Ferreira Veloso³ 

[1] Departamento de Puericultura e Pediatria. Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo. Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto, 7°. andar. Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil;Departamento de Pediatria e Puericultura. Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil;Departamento de Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Rua Barão de Itapary 155 Centro, São Luís, MA 65020-070, Brazil

关键词: Cohort studies;    Intrauterine growth restriction;    Preterm birth;    Low birth weight;   

Others  :  1127382
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2393-14-155

 received in 2013-03-19, accepted in 2014-04-24,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

To analyze trends in LBW (low birth weight) rate using birth registry data and identify factors associated with LBW in São Luís comparing two birth cohorts separated by a 12-year interval.

Methods

2,426 births were included in 1997/98 and 5,040 in 2010. The dependent variable was LBW (<2,500 g). Multiple logistic regression was performed to determine the association of independent variables with LBW. Data were also obtained from SINASC (Brazilian National Birth Registry) to analyze stillbirth and LBW rates trends from 1996 to 2010, using 3-year moving averages.

Results

LBW, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preterm birth rates did not differ between the two cohorts. Despite this, birth registry data showed increasing LBW rate up to 2001, coinciding with decreasing stillbirth rate. Both stillbirth and LBW rates decreased thereafter. A significant reduction was observed in the percentage of teenage mothers, mothers with up to 4 years of education, family income up to one minimum wage and mothers who did not attend prenatal care. There was an increase in maternal age ≥35 years and schooling ≥12 years. The variables associated with LBW in 1997/98 were young maternal age (<18 years), maternal smoking during pregnancy and primiparity. Variables that remained in the adjusted model in 2010 were female gender, income <3 minimum wages, lack of prenatal care, maternal smoking during pregnancy and primiparity.

Conclusions

Although LBW rate did not differ between the two cohorts, this apparent stability masked an increase up to 2001 and a decrease thereafter. The rise in LBW rate paralleled reduction in the stillbirth rate, suggesting improvement in obstetrical and newborn care. Maternal, socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with LBW differed between the two cohorts, except for smoking during pregnancy and parity that were significantly associated with LBW in both cohorts.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Veloso et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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