School travel mode, parenting practices and physical activity among UK Year 5 and 6 children

BMC Public Health

Alan A Montgomery³  Ashley R Cooper¹  Janice L Thompson²  Kenneth R Fox¹  Kathryn Banfield¹  Ben Davies¹  Mark J Edwards¹  Simon J Sebire¹  Lesley Wood¹  Russell Jago¹ 

[1]Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

[2]School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

[3]Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

关键词: Adolescents;    Children;    Parenting;    Travel;    Physical activity;   

Others  :  1131549
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2458-14-370

 received in 2013-10-30, accepted in 2014-04-09,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

School travel mode and parenting practices have been associated with children’s physical activity (PA). The current study sought to examine whether PA parenting practices differ by school travel mode and whether school travel mode and PA parenting practices are associated with PA.

Methods

469 children (aged 9-11) wore accelerometers from which mean weekday and after-school (3.30 to 8.30 pm) minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) and counts per minute (CPM) were derived. Mode of travel to and from school (passive vs. active) and PA parenting practices (maternal and paternal logistic support and modelling behaviour) were child-reported.

Results

Children engaged in an average of 59.7 minutes of MVPA per weekday. Active travel to school by girls was associated with 5.9 more minutes of MVPA per day compared with those who travelled to school passively (p = 0.004). After-school CPM and MVPA did not differ by school travel mode. There was no evidence that physical activity parenting practices were associated with school travel mode.

Conclusions

For girls, encouraging active travel to school is likely to be important for overall PA. Further formative research may be warranted to understand how both parental logistic support and active travel decisions are operationalized in families as a means of understanding how to promote increased PA among pre-adolescent children.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Jago et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Strong WB, Malina RM, Blimkie CJ, Daniels SR, Dishman RK, Gutin B, Hergenroeder AC, Must A, Nixon PA, Pivarnik JM Rowland T, Trost S, Trudeau F: Evidence based physical activity for school-age youth. J Pediatr 2005, 146(6):732-737.
• [2]National Statistics: Health Survey for England 2004 - updating of trend tables to include 2004 data. Edited by Centre HaSCI. London: National Statistics; 2005.
• [3]The Health and Social Care Information Centre: Health Survey for England 2008: Volume 1 Physical Activity and Fitness. London: The Health and Social Care Information Centre; 2009.
• [4]Troiano RP, Berrigan D, Dodd KW, Masse LC, Tilert T, McDowell M: Physical activity in the United States measured by accelerometer. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008, 40(1):181-188.
• [5]Nader PR, Bradley RH, Houts RM, McRitchie SL, O’Brien M: Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity from ages 9 to 15 years. JAMA 2008, 300(3):295-305.
• [6]van Sluijs EM, McMinn AM, Griffin SJ: Effectiveness of interventions to promote physical activity in children and adolescents: systematic review of controlled trials. BMJ 2007, 335(7622):703.
• [7]Kriemler S, Meyer U, Martin E, van Sluijs EM, Andersen LB, Martin BW: Effect of school-based interventions on physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents: a review of reviews and systematic update. Br J Sports Med 2011, 45(11):923-930.
• [8]Cliff DP, Okely AD, Morgan PJ, Jones RA, Steele JR: The impact of child and adolescent obesity treatment interventions on physical activity: a systematic review. Obes Rev 2010, 11(7):516-530.
• [9]Dobbins M, Husson H, DeCorby K, LaRocca RL: School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013, 2:CD007651.
• [10]SPEEDNET: Primary School Physical Education - Speednet Survey makes depressing reading. Br J PE 1999, 30(3):19-20.
• [11]Pate RR, O’Neill JR: After-school interventions to increase physical activity among youth. Br J Sports Med 2009, 43(1):14-18.
• [12]Jago R, Baranowski T: Non-curricular approaches for increasing physical activity in youth: a review. Prev Med 2004, 39(1):157-163.
• [13]Atkin AJ, Gorely T, Biddle SJ, Cavill N, Foster C: Interventions to Promote Physical Activity in Young People Conducted in the Hours Immediately After School: A Systematic Review. Int J Behav Med 2011, 18:176.
• [14]Gorely T, Atkin AJ, Biddle SJ, Marshall SJ: Family circumstance, sedentary behaviour and physical activity in adolescents living in England: Project STIL. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2009, 6:33. BioMed Central Full Text
• [15]Jago R, Edwards MJ, Cooper AR, Fox KR, Powell J, Sebire SJ, Spears M, Thompson JL, Montgomery AA: Action 3:30: protocol for a randomized feasibility trial of a teaching assistant led extracurricular physical activity intervention. Trials 2013, 14:122. BioMed Central Full Text
• [16]Craig P, Dieppe P, Macintyre S, Michie S, Nazareth I, Petticrew M: Developing and evaluating complex interventions: the new Medical Research Council guidance. BMJ 2008, 337:a1655.
• [17]Baranowski T, Jago R: Understanding mechanisms of change in children’s physical activity programs. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2005, 33(4):163-168.
• [18]Cooper AR, Page AS, Foster LJ, Qahwaji D: Commuting to school: are children who walk more physically active? Am J Prev Med 2003, 25(4):273-276.
• [19]Jago R, Davison KK, Brockman R, Page AS, Thompson JL, Fox KR: Parenting styles, parenting practices, and physical activity in 10- to 11-year olds. Prev Med 2011, 52(1):44-47.
• [20]Jago R, Fox KR, Page AS, Brockman R, Thompson JL: Parent and child physical activity and sedentary time: Do active parents foster active children? BMC Public Health 2010, 10(1):194. BioMed Central Full Text
• [21]Jago R, Thompson JL, Page AS, Brockman R, Cartwright K, Fox KR: Licence to be active: parental concerns and 10-11-year-old children’s ability to be independently physically active. J Public Health (Oxf) 2009. [Epub ahead of print]
• [22]Kipping RR, Jago R, Lawlor DA: Developing parent involvement in a school-based child obesity prevention intervention: a qualitative study and process evaluation. J Public Health (Oxf) 2012, 34(2):236-244.
• [23]Sebire SJ, Haase AM, Montgomery AA, McNeill J, Jago R: Associations Between Physical Activity Parenting Practices and Adolescent Girls’ Self-Perceptions and Physical Activity Intentions. J Phys Act Health 2013. [Epub ahead of print]
• [24]van Sluijs EM, Fearne VA, Mattocks C, Riddoch C, Griffin SJ, Ness A: The contribution of active travel to children’s physical activity levels: cross-sectional results from the ALSPAC study. Prev Med 2009, 48(6):519-524.
• [25]Davison KK: Activity-related support from parents, peers, and siblings and adolescents’ physical activity: Are there gender differences. J Phys Act Health 2004, 1:363-376.
• [26]Davison KK, Baskin ML, Cox TL, Thomas O, Sarfoh VS: Revising the Activity Support Scale for use with African American families. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009, 41(5 (Suppl)):68.
• [27]Davison KK, Li K, Baskin ML, Cox TL, Affuso O: Measuring parental support for children’s physical activity in white and African American parents: The Activity Support Scale for Multiple Groups (ACTS-MG). Prev Med 2011, 52(1):39-43.
• [28]Cole TJ, Freeman JV, Preece MA: Body mass index reference curves for the UK, 1990. Arch Dis Child 1995, 73(1):25-29.
• [29]Vidmar S, Carlin J, Hesketh K, Cole T: Standardizing anthropometric measures in children and adolescents with new functions for egen. Stata J 2004, 4(1):50-55.
• [30]Trost SG: State of the Art Reviews: Measurement of Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents. Am J Lifestyle Med 2007, 1:299-314.
• [31]Mattocks C, Ness A, Leary S, Tilling K, Blair SN, Shield J, Deere K, Saunders J, Kirkby J, Davey Smith G, Wells J, Wareham NJ, Reilly J, Riddoch C: Use of accelerometers in a large field-based study of children: Protocols, design issues and effects on precision. J Phys Act Health 2008, 5(Suppl 1):S98-S111.
• [32]Corder K, van Sluijs EM, Ekelund U, Jones AP, Griffin SJ: Changes in children’s physical activity over 12 months: longitudinal results from the SPEEDY study. Pediatrics 2010, 126(4):e926-e935.
• [33]Cooper AR, Page AS, Wheeler BW, Hillsdon M, Griew P, Jago R: Patterns of GPS measured time outdoors after school and objective physical activity in English children: the PEACH project. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2010, 7:31. BioMed Central Full Text
• [34]Evenson KR, Catellier DJ, Gill K, Ondrak KS, McMurray RG: Calibration of two objective measures of physical activity for children. J Sports Sci 2008, 26(14):1557-1565.
• [35]Kirkwood BR, Sterne AC: Essential Medical Statistics. London: Blackwell; 2006.
• [36]Pearce N: Epidemiology in a changing world: variation, causation and ubiquitous risk factors. Int J Epidemiol 2011, 40(2):503-512.
• [37]Sterne JA, Davey Smith G: Sifting the evidence-what’s wrong with significance tests? BMJ 2001, 322(7280):226-231.
• [38]Jago R, Anderson C, Baranowski T, Watson K: Adolescent patterns of physical activity: Differences by gender, day and time of day. Am J Prev Med 2005, 28(5):447-452.
• [39]Page AS, Cooper AR, Griew P, Jago R: Independent mobility, perceptions of the built environment and children’s participation in play, active travel and structured exercise and sport: the PEACH Project. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2010, 7:17. BioMed Central Full Text
• [40]Southward EF, Page AS, Wheeler BW, Cooper AR: Contribution of the school journey to daily physical activity in children aged 11-12 years. Am J Prev Med 2012, 43(2):201-204.
• [41]Cooper AR, Jago R, Southward EF, Page AS: Active Travel and Physical Activity across the School Transition: The PEACH Project. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2012, 44(10):1890-1897.
• [42]Su JG, Jerrett M, McConnell R, Berhane K, Dunton G, Shankardass K, Reynolds K, Chang R, Wolch J: Factors influencing whether children walk to school. Health Place 2013, 22:153-161.
• [43]Mammen G, Faulkner G, Buliung R, Lay J: Understanding the drive to escort: a cross-sectional analysis examining parental attitudes towards children’s school travel and independent mobility. BMC Public Health 2012, 12:862. BioMed Central Full Text
• [44]Owen CG, Nightingale CM, Rudnicka AR, Sluijs EM, Ekelund U, Cook DG, Whincup PH: Travel to school and physical activity levels in 9-10 year-old UK children of different ethnic origin; Child Heart and Health Study in England (CHASE). PLoS One 2012, 7(2):e30932.
• [45]Larsen K, Gilliland J, Hess P, Tucker P, Irwin J, He M: The Influence of the Physical Environment and Sociodemographic Characteristics on Children’s Mode of Travel to and From School. Am J Public Health 2009, 99(3):520-526.
• [46]Booth ML, Okely AD, Denney-Wilson E, Hardy LL, Dobbins T, Wen LM, Rissel C: Characteristics of travel to and from school among adolescents in NSW. Austr J Paediatr Child Health 2007, 43(11):755-761.