The ecological genomic basis of salinity adaptation in Tunisian Medicago truncatula

BMC Genomics

Sergey V Nuzhdin⁵  Sharon Y Strauss³  Douglas R Cook⁷  Mohammed Elarbi Aouani²  Stephanie S Porter³  Yazid Badri²  Kais Zribi²  Naceur Djébali²  Soumaya Arraouadi²  Wendy T Vu⁵  Matilde A Cordeiro⁴  Sonia Cuellar-Ortiz⁷  Peter L Chang⁵  Fathi Barhoumi²  Ken S Moriuchi⁷  Mounawer Badri²  Eric JB von Wettberg¹  Maren L Friesen⁶ 

[1] Kushlan Institute for Tropical Science, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Coral Gables, FL 33156, USA;Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, B.P. 901 Hammam-Lif, 2050, Tunisia;Center for Population Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA;Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Oeiras, Portugal;Section of Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;Present address: Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA

关键词: Abiotic stress;    Population genetics;    Ecological genetics;    Agriculture;    Adaptation;   

Others  :  1122567
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2164-15-1160

 received in 2014-09-04, accepted in 2014-12-12,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

As our world becomes warmer, agriculture is increasingly impacted by rising soil salinity and understanding plant adaptation to salt stress can help enable effective crop breeding. Salt tolerance is a complex plant phenotype and we know little about the pathways utilized by naturally tolerant plants. Legumes are important species in agricultural and natural ecosystems, since they engage in symbiotic nitrogen-fixation, but are especially vulnerable to salinity stress.

Results

Our studies of the model legume Medicago truncatula in field and greenhouse settings demonstrate that Tunisian populations are locally adapted to saline soils at the metapopulation level and that saline origin genotypes are less impacted by salt than non-saline origin genotypes; these populations thus likely contain adaptively diverged alleles. Whole genome resequencing of 39 wild accessions reveals ongoing migration and candidate genomic regions that assort non-randomly with soil salinity. Consistent with natural selection acting at these sites, saline alleles are typically rare in the range-wide species' gene pool and are also typically derived relative to the sister species M. littoralis. Candidate regions for adaptation contain genes that regulate physiological acclimation to salt stress, such as abscisic acid and jasmonic acid signaling, including a novel salt-tolerance candidate orthologous to the uncharacterized gene AtCIPK21. Unexpectedly, these regions also contain biotic stress genes and flowering time pathway genes. We show that flowering time is differentiated between saline and non-saline populations and may allow salt stress escape.

Conclusions

This work nominates multiple potential pathways of adaptation to naturally stressful environments in a model legume. These candidates point to the importance of both tolerance and avoidance in natural legume populations. We have uncovered several promising targets that could be used to breed for enhanced salt tolerance in crop legumes to enhance food security in an era of increasing soil salinization.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Friesen et al.; licensee BioMed Central.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

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