Phylogeography and postglacial expansion of the endangered semi-aquatic mammal Galemys pyrenaicus

BMC Evolutionary Biology

Jose Castresana¹  Joaquim Gosálbez³  Rocío Alonso¹  Asunción Gómez⁴  Jorge González-Esteban²  Angel Fernández-González⁶  Pere Aymerich³  Javier Igea⁵ 

[1] Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37, Barcelona 08003, Spain;Desma Estudios Ambientales S.L, Ukulu 11, Sunbilla, Navarra 31791, Spain;Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal;Tragsatec, Área de Biodiversidad, Calle Julián Camarillo 6, Madrid 28037, Spain;Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK;Biosfera Consultoría Medioambiental S.L, Calle Candamo 5, Oviedo 33012, Spain

关键词: Endemism;    Iberian Peninsula;    Niche modeling;    Pyrenean desman;    Nuclear genes;    Mitochondrial genes;    Mammals;    Introns;    Conservation genetics;   

Others  :  1087193
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2148-13-115

 received in 2012-12-17, accepted in 2013-05-28,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

Species with strict ecological requirements may provide new insights into the forces that shaped the geographic variation of genetic diversity. The Pyrenean desman, Galemys pyrenaicus, is a small semi-aquatic mammal that inhabits clean streams of the northern half of the Iberian Peninsula and is endangered in most of its geographic range, but its genetic structure is currently unknown. While the stringent ecological demands derived from its aquatic habitat might have caused a partition of the genetic diversity among river basins, Pleistocene glaciations would have generated a genetic pattern related to glacial refugia.

Results

To study the relative importance of historical and ecological factors in the genetic structure of G. pyrenaicus, we used mitochondrial and intronic sequences of specimens covering most of the species range. We show, first, that the Pyrenean desman has very low levels of genetic diversity compared to other mammals. In addition, phylogenetic and dating analyses of the mitochondrial sequences reveal a strong phylogeographic structure of a Middle Pleistocene origin, suggesting that the main lineages arose during periods of glacial isolation. Furthermore, both the spatial distribution of nuclear and mitochondrial diversity and the results of species distribution modeling suggest the existence of a major glacial refugium in the northwestern part of the Iberian Peninsula. Finally, the main mitochondrial lineages show a striking parapatric distribution without any apparent exchange of mitochondrial haplotypes between the lineages that came into secondary contact (although with certain permeability to nuclear genes), indicating incomplete mixing after the post-glacial recolonization. On the other hand, when we analyzed the partition of the genetic diversity among river basins, the Pyrenean desman showed a lower than expected genetic differentiation among main rivers.

Conclusions

The analysis of mitochondrial and intronic markers in G. pyrenaicus showed the predominant effects of Pleistocene glaciations on the genetic structure of this species, while the distribution of the genetic diversity was not greatly influenced by the main river systems. These results and, particularly, the discovery of a marked phylogeographic structure, may have important implications for the conservation of the Pyrenean desman.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Igea et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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