Reconstructing the history of a fragmented and heavily exploited red deer population using ancient and contemporary DNA

BMC Evolutionary Biology

Hans K Stenøien¹  Reidar Andersen²  Anne Karin Hufthammer⁴  Knut H Røed³  Jørgen Rosvold¹ 

[1] Section of Natural History, Museum of Natural History and Archaeology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway;The Norwegian Nature Inspectorate, Box 5672, Sluppen, NO-7485, Trondheim, Norway;Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Box 8146 Dep, N-0033, Oslo, Norway;The Natural History Collections, Bergen Museum, University of Bergen, Box 7800, 5020, Bergen, Norway

关键词: Cervus elaphus;    Translocation;    Genetic diversity;    Mitochondrial DNA;    Harvesting;    Habitat fragmentation;    Ancient DNA;   

Others  :  1140238
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2148-12-191

 received in 2012-05-31, accepted in 2012-09-21,  发布年份 2012

【 摘 要 】

Background

Red deer (Cervus elaphus) have been an important human resource for millennia, experiencing intensive human influence through habitat alterations, hunting and translocation of animals. In this study we investigate a time series of ancient and contemporary DNA from Norwegian red deer spanning about 7,000 years. Our main aim was to investigate how increasing agricultural land use, hunting pressure and possibly human mediated translocation of animals have affected the genetic diversity on a long-term scale.

Results

We obtained mtDNA (D-loop) sequences from 73 ancient specimens. These show higher genetic diversity in ancient compared to extant samples, with the highest diversity preceding the onset of agricultural intensification in the Early Iron Age. Using standard diversity indices, Bayesian skyline plot and approximate Bayesian computation, we detected a population reduction which was more prolonged than, but not as severe as, historic documents indicate. There are signs of substantial changes in haplotype frequencies primarily due to loss of haplotypes through genetic drift. There is no indication of human mediated translocations into the Norwegian population. All the Norwegian sequences show a western European origin, from which the Norwegian lineage diverged approximately 15,000 years ago.

Conclusions

Our results provide direct insight into the effects of increasing habitat fragmentation and human hunting pressure on genetic diversity and structure of red deer populations. They also shed light on the northward post-glacial colonisation process of red deer in Europe and suggest increased precision in inferring past demographic events when including both ancient and contemporary DNA.

【 授权许可】

   
2012 Rosvold et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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