Improvement of arterial oxygenation in free-ranging moose (Alces alces) immobilized with etorphine-acepromazine-xylazine

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica

Marianne Lian⁶  Alina L Evans²  Mads F Bertelsen⁵  Åsa Fahlman¹  Henning A Haga³  Göran Ericsson⁴  Jon M Arnemo⁴ 

[1] Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, SE-750 07, Sweden

[2] Section of Arctic Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Tromsø, NO-9292, Norway

[3] Section of Anesthesia and Radiology, Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, NO-0033, Norway

[4] Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-901 83, Sweden

[5] Center for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo, Frederiksberg, DK-2000, Denmark

[6] Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Applied Ecology and Agricultural Sciences, Hedmark University College, Campus Evenstad, Koppang, NO-2480, Norway

关键词: Xylazine;    Moose;    Immobilization;    Hypoxemia;    Etorphine;    Atipamezole;    Arterial blood gases;    Alces alces;    Acid–base status;   

Others  :  1228234
DOI  :  10.1186/s13028-014-0051-5

 received in 2013-11-04, accepted in 2014-08-11,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

The effect of intranasal oxygen and/or early reversal of xylazine with atipamezole on arterial oxygenation in free-ranging moose (Alces alces) immobilized with etorphine-acepromazine-xylazine with a cross-sectional clinical study on 33 adult moose was evaluated.

Moose were darted from a helicopter with 3.37 mg etorphine, 15 mg acepromazine and 75 mg xylazine. Intranasal oxygen at a flow rate of 4 L/min and/or early reversal of xylazine with 7.5 mg atipamezole to improve oxygenation was evaluated, using four treatment regimens; intranasal oxygen (n = 10), atipamezole intramuscularly (n = 6), atipamezole intravenously (n = 10), or a combination of atipamezole intravenously and intranasal oxygen (n = 7). Arterial blood was collected 7–30 minutes (min) after darting, and again 15 min after institution of treatment and immediately analyzed using an i-STAT®1 Portable Clinical Analyzer.

Results

Before treatment the mean ± SD (range) partial pressure of arterial oxygen (P_aO2) was 62 ± 17 (26–99) mmHg. Twenty-six animals had a P_aO2 < 80 mmHg. Ten had a P_aO2 of 40–60 mmHg and three animals had a P_aO2 < 40 mmHg. Intranasal oxygen and intravenous administration of atipamezole significantly increased the mean P_aO2, as did the combination of the two. In contrast, atipamezole administered intramuscularly at the evaluated dose had no significant effect on arterial oxygenation.

Conclusions

This study shows that intranasal oxygen effectively improved arterial oxygenation in immobilized moose, and that early intravenous reversal of the sedative component, in this case xylazine, in an opioid-based immobilization drug-protocol significantly improves arterial oxygenation.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Lian et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

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