Cryogenics for high-energy particle accelerators: highlights from the first fifty years

26th International Cryogenic Engineering Conference & International Cryogenic Materials Conference 2016

材料科学;物理学

Lebrun, Ph.^1

DG Unit, CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva 23

CH-1211, Switzerland^1

关键词: Applied superconductivities;    Capital expenditures;    Cryogenic fluid managements;    Cryogenic system;    Engineering domains;    High frequency HF;    Normal boiling points;    Superconducting accelerator;   

Others  :  https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/171/1/012001/pdf
DOI  :  10.1088/1757-899X/171/1/012001

学科分类：材料科学（综合）

来源: IOP

【 摘 要 】

Applied superconductivity has become a key technology for high-energy particle accelerators, allowing to reach higher beam energy while containing size, capital expenditure and operating costs. Large and powerful cryogenic systems are therefore ancillary to low-temperature superconducting accelerator devices - magnets and high-frequency cavities - distributed over multi-kilometre distances and operating generally close to the normal boiling point of helium, but also above 4.2 K in supercritical and down to below 2 K in superfluid. Additionally, low-temperature operation in accelerators may also be required by considerations of ultra-high vacuum, limited stored energy and beam stability. We discuss the rationale for cryogenics in high-energy particle accelerators, review its development over the past half-century and present its outlook in future large projects, with reference to the main engineering domains of cryostat design and heat loads, cooling schemes, efficient power refrigeration and cryogenic fluid management.