R744 ejector technology future perspectives

7th European Thermal-Sciences Conference

Hafner, Armin^1 ; Banasiak, Krzysztof^2

NTNU (Norwegian University of Science and Technology), Trondheim

7491, Norway^1

SINTEF Energy Research, Trondheim

7465, Norway^2

关键词: Current thresholds;    Energy-efficient products;    Flooded evaporators;    Future perspectives;    Low-temperature difference;    Natural working fluid;    Refrigeration technology;    Vehicle air conditioning;   

Others  :  https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/745/3/032157/pdf
DOI  :  10.1088/1742-6596/745/3/032157

来源: IOP

【 摘 要 】

Carbon Dioxide, CO2(R744) was one of the first commonly applied working fluids in the infancy of refrigeration more than 100 years ago. In contrast to ammonia it mainly disappeared after the first generation of synthetic refrigerants have been introduced to the market after 1930. One reason was that the transition from low-rpm belt driven compressors towards the direct electrical motor driven compressors (50-60 Hz) was not performed for CO2compressors before the revival introduced by Gustav Lorentzen in the 90is of last century. Since 1988 an enormous R & D effort has been made to further develop CO2refrigeration technology in spite of the opposition from the chemical industry. Today CO2refrigeration and heat pumping technologies are accepted as viable and sustainable alternatives for several applications like commercial refrigeration, transport refrigeration, vehicle air conditioning & heat pumping, domestic hot water heat pumps and industrial applications. For some applications, the current threshold to introduce R744 technology can be overcome when the system design takes into account the advantage of the thermo dynamical- and fluid properties of CO2. I.e. The system is designed for transcritical operation with all it pros and cons and takes into consideration how to minimize the losses, and to apply the normally lost expansion work. Shortcut-designs, i.e. drop in solutions, just replacing the H(C)FC refrigeration unit with an CO2systems adapted for higher system pressures will not result in energy efficient products. CO2systems do offer the advantage of enabling flooded evaporators supported with adapted ejector technology. These units offer high system performances at low temperature differences and show low temperature air mal-distributions across evaporators. This work gives an overview for the development possibilities for several applications during the next years. Resulting in a further market share increase of CO2refrigeration and heat pump systems, as energy efficient alternatives to current systems not applying natural working fluids.