Astrophysics, cosmology, and fundamental physics with compact binary coalescence and the Einstein Telescope

7th International Conference on Gravitation and Cosmology

Van Den Broeck, C.^1

Nikhef-National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands^1

关键词: Cosmological distances;    Fundamental physics;    Gravitational wave detectors;    Gravitational-wave observatory;    High-precision measurement;    Large scale structures;    Precision measurement;    Second generation;   

Others  :  https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/484/1/012008/pdf
DOI  :  10.1088/1742-6596/484/1/012008

来源: IOP

【 摘 要 】

The second-generation interferometric gravitational wave detectors, currently under construction are expected to make their first detections within this decade. This will firmly establish gravitational wave physics as an empirical science, and will open up a new era in astrophysics, cosmology, and fundamental physics. Already with the first detections, we will be able to, among other things, establish the nature of short-hard gamma ray bursts, definitively confirm the existence of black holes, measure the Hubble constant in a completely independent way, and for the first time gain access to the genuinely strong-field dynamics of gravity. Hence, it is time to consider the longer-term future of this new field. The Einstein Telescope (ET) is a concrete conceptual proposal for a third-generation gravitational wave observatory, which will be ∼ 10 times more sensitive in strain than the second-generation detectors. This will give access to sources at cosmological distances, with a correspondingly higher detection rate. We have given an overview of the science case for ET, with a focus on what can be learned from signals emitted by coalescing compact binaries. Third-generation observatories will allow us to map the coalescence rate out to redshifts z ∼ 3, determine the mass functions of neutron stars and black holes, and perform precision measurements of the neutron star equation of state. ET will enable us to study the large-scale structure and evolution of the Universe without recourse to a cosmic distance ladder. Finally, we have discussed how it will allow for high-precision measurements of strong-field, dynamical gravity.