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Nuclear Fushion,2019年

E. Joffrin, S. Abduallev, M. Abhangi, P. Abreu, V. Afanasev, M. Afzal, K.M. Aggarwal, T. Ahlgren, L. Aho-Mantila, N. Aiba, M. Airila, T. Alarcon, R. Albanese, D. Alegre, S. Aleiferis, E. Alessi, P. Aleynikov, A. Alkseev, M. Allinson, B. Alper, E. Alves, G. Ambrosino, R. Ambrosino, V. Amosov, E. Andersson Sundén, R. Andrews, M. Angelone, M. Anghel, C. Angioni, L. Appel, C. Appelbee, P. Arena, M. Ariola, S. Arshad, J. Artaud, W. Arter, A. Ash, N. Ashikawa, V. Aslanyan, O. Asunta, O. Asztalos, F. Auriemma, Y. Austin, L. Avotina, M. Axton, C. Ayres, A. Baciero, D. Baião, I. Balboa, M. Balden, N. Balshaw, V.K. Bandaru, J. Banks, Y.F. Baranov, C. Barcellona, T. Barnard, M. Barnes, R. Barnsley, A. Baron Wiechec, L. Barrera Orte, M. Baruzzo, V. Basiuk, M. Bassan, V. Bobkov, A. Boboc, O. Bogar, P. Bohm, T. Bohm, I. Bolshakova, T. Bolzonella, N. Bonanomi, L. Boncagni, D. Bonfiglio, X. Bonnin, J. Boom, D. Borba, D. Borodin, I. Borodkina, C. Boulbe, C. Bourdelle, M. Bowden, C. Bowman, T. Boyce, H. Boyer, S.C. Bradnam, V. Braic, R. Bravanec, B. Breizman, D. Brennan, S. Breton, A. Brett, S. Brezinsek, M. Bright, M. Brix, W. Broeckx, M. Brombin, A. Brosławski, B. Brown, D. Brunetti, R. Bastow, A. Batista, P. Batistoni, L. Baumane, B. Bauvir, L. Baylor, P.S. Beaumont, M. Beckers, B. Beckett, N. Bekris, M. Beldishevski, K. Bell, F. Belli, É. Belonohy, J. Benayas, H. Bergsåker, J. Bernardo, M. Bernert, M. Berry, L. Bertalot, C. Besiliu, H. Betar, M. Beurskens, J. Bielecki, T. Biewer, R. Bilato, O. Biletskyi, P. Bílková, F. Binda, G. Birkenmeier, J.P.S. Bizarro, C. Björkas, J. Blackburn, T.R. Blackman, P. Blanchard, P. Blatchford, E. Bruno, J. Buch, J. Buchanan, R. Buckingham, M. Buckley, M. Bucolo, R. Budny, H. Bufferand, S. Buller, P. Bunting, P. Buratti, A. Burckhart, G. Burroughes, A. Buscarino, A. Busse, D. Butcher, B. Butler, I. Bykov, P. Cahyna, G. Calabrò, L. Calacci, D. Callaghan, J. Callaghan, I. Calvo, Y. Camenen, P. Camp, D.C. Campling, B. Cannas, A. Capat, S. Carcangiu, P. Card, A. Cardinali, P. Carman, D. Carnevale, M. Carr, D. Carralero, L. Carraro, B.B. Carvalho, I. Carvalho, P. Carvalho, D.D. Carvalho, F.J. Casson, C. Castaldo, N. Catarino, F. Causa, R. Cavazzana, K. Cave-Ayland, M. Cavedon, M. Cecconello, S. Ceccuzzi, E. Cecil, C.D. Challis, D. Chandra, C.S. Chang, A. Chankin, I.T. Chapman, B. Chapman, S.C. Chapman, M. Chernyshova, A. Chiariello, G. Chitarin, P. Chmielewski, L. Chone, G. Ciraolo, D. Ciric, J. Citrin, F. Clairet, M. Clark, E. Clark, R. Clarkson, R. Clay, C. Clements, J.P. Coad, P. Coates, A. Cobalt, V. Coccorese, V. Cocilovo, R. Coelho, J.W. Coenen, I. Coffey, L. Colas, B. Colling, S. Collins, D. Conka, S. Conroy, N. Conway, D. Coombs, S.R. Cooper, C. Corradino, Y. Corre, G. Corrigan, D. Coster, T. Craciunescu, S. Cramp, C. Crapper, F. Crisanti, G. Croci, D. Croft, K. Crombé, N. Cruz, G. Cseh, A. Cufar, A. Cullen, P. Curson, M. Curuia, A. Czarnecka, T. Czarski, I. Cziegler, H. Dabirikhah, A. Dal Molin, P. Dalgliesh, S. Dalley, J. Dankowski, D. Darrow, P. David, A. Davies, W. Davis, K. Dawson, I. Day, C. Day, M. De Bock, A. de Castro, G. De Dominici, E. de la Cal, E. de la Luna, G. De Masi, G. De Temmerman, G. De Tommasi, P. de Vries, J. Deane, R. Dejarnac, D. Del Sarto, E. Delabie, V. Demerdzhiev, A. Dempsey, N. den Harder, R.O. Dendy, J. Denis, P. Denner, S. Devaux, P. Devynck, F. Di Maio, A. Di Siena, C. Di Troia, D. Dickinson, P. Dinca, T. Dittmar, J. Dobrashian, H. Doerk, R.P. Doerner, F. Domptail, T. Donné, S.E. Dorling, D. Douai, S. Dowson, A. Drenik, M. Dreval, P. Drewelow, P. Drews, Ph. Duckworth, R. Dumont, P. Dumortier, D. Dunai, M. Dunne, I. Ďuran, F. Durodié, P. Dutta, B.P. Duval, R. Dux, K. Dylst, P.V. Edappala, A.M. Edwards, J.S. Edwards, Th. Eich, N. Eidietis, A. Eksaeva, R. Ellis, G. Ellwood, C. Elsmore, S. Emery, M. Enachescu, G. Ericsson, J. Eriksson, F. Eriksson, L.G. Eriksson, S. Ertmer, S. Esquembri, A.L. Esquisabel, H.G. Esser, G. Ewart, E. Fable, D. Fagan, M. Faitsch, D. Falie, A. Fanni, A. Farahani, A. Fasoli, B. Faugeras, S. Fazinić, F. Felici, R.C. Felton, S. Feng, A. Fernades, H. Fernandes, J. Ferreira, D.R. Ferreira, G. Ferrò, J.A. Fessey, O. Ficker, A. Field, S. Fietz, L. Figini, J. Figueiredo, A. Figueiredo, J. Figueiredo, N. Fil, P. Finburg, U. Fischer, L. Fittill, M. Fitzgerald, D. Flammini, J. Flanagan, K. Flinders, S. Foley, N. Fonnesu, J.M. Fontdecaba, A. Formisano, L. Forsythe, L. Fortuna, E. Fransson, M. Frasca, L. Frassinetti, M. Freisinger, R. Fresa, R. Fridström, D. Frigione, V. Fuchs, V. Fusco, S. Futatani, K. Gál, D. Galassi, K. Gałązka, S. Galeani, D. Gallart, R. Galvão, Y. Gao, J. Garcia, A. Garcia-Carrasco, M. García-Muñoz, M. Gardener, L. Garzotti, J. Gaspar, P. Gaudio, D. Gear, T. Gebhart, S. Gee, B. Geiger, M. Gelfusa, R. George, S. Gerasimov, G. Gervasini, M. Gethins, Z. Ghani, M. Ghate, M. Gherendi, F. Ghezzi, J.C. Giacalone, L. Giacomelli, G. Giacometti, K. Gibson, T. Giegerich, L. Gil, M.R. Gilbert, D. Gin, E. Giovannozzi, C. Giroud, S. Glöggler, J. Goff, P. Gohil, V. Goloborod’ko, V. Goloborodko, R. Gomes, B. Gonçalves, M. Goniche, A. Goodyear, G. Gorini, T. Görler, R. Goulding, A. Goussarov, B. Graham, J.P. Graves, H. Greuner, B. Grierson, J. Griffiths, S. Griph, D. Grist, M. Groth, R. Grove, M. Gruca, D. Guard, C. Guérard, C. Guillemaut, R. Guirlet, S. Gulati, C. Gurl, A. Gutierrez-Milla, H.H. Utoh, L. Hackett, S. Hacquin, R. Hager, A. Hakola, M. Halitovs, S. Hall, S. Hallworth-Cook, C. Ham, M. Hamed, N. Hamilton, C. Hamlyn-Harris, K. Hammond, G. Hancu, J. Harrison, D. Harting, F. Hasenbeck, Y. Hatano, D.R. Hatch, T. Haupt, J. Hawes, N.C. Hawkes, J. Hawkins, P. Hawkins, S. Hazel, P. Heesterman, K. Heinola, C. Hellesen, T. Hellsten, W. Helou, O. Hemming, T.C. Hender, S.S. Henderson, M. Henderson, R. Henriques, D. Hepple, J. Herfindal, G. Hermon, C. Hidalgo, W. Higginson, E.G. Highcock, J. Hillesheim, D. Hillis, K. Hizanidis, A. Hjalmarsson, A. Ho, J. Hobirk, C.H.A. Hogben, G.M.D. Hogeweij, A. Hollingsworth, S. Hollis, M. Hölzl, J.-J. Honore, M. Hook, D. Hopley, J. Horáček, G. Hornung, A. Horton, L.D. Horton, L. Horvath, S.P. Hotchin, R. Howell, A. Hubbard, A. Huber, V. Huber, T.M. Huddleston, M. Hughes, J. Hughes, G.T.A. Huijsmans, P. Huynh, A. Hynes, I. Igaune, D. Iglesias, N. Imazawa, M. Imríšek, M. Incelli, P. Innocente, I. Ivanova-Stanik, E. Ivings, S. Jachmich, A. Jackson, T. Jackson, P. Jacquet, J. Jansons, F. Jaulmes, S. Jednoróg, I. Jenkins, I. Jepu, T. Johnson, R. Johnson, A. Krivska, U. Kruezi, I. Książek, A. Kukushkin, A. Kundu, T. Kurki-Suonio, S. Kwak, O.J. Kwon, L. Laguardia, A. Lahtinen, A. Laing, P. Lalousis, N. Lam, C. Lamb, H.T. Lambertz, P.T. Lang, S. Lanthaler, E. Lascas Neto, E. Łaszyńska, R. Lawless, K.D. Lawson, A. Lazaros, E. Lazzaro, R. Leach, G. Learoyd, S. Leerink, X. Lefebvre, H.J. Leggate, J. Lehmann, M. Lehnen, P. Leichauer, D. Leichtle, F. Leipold, I. Lengar, M. Lennholm, B. Lepiavko, J. Johnston, L. Joita, J. Joly, E. Jonasson, T. Jones, C. Jones, L. Jones, G. Jones, N. Jones, M. Juvonen, K.K. Hoshino, A. Kallenbach, M. Kalsey, T. Kaltiaisenaho, K. Kamiya, J. Kaniewski, A. Kantor, A. Kappatou, J. Karhunen, D. Karkinsky, M. Kaufman, G. Kaveney, Y. Kazakov, V. Kazantzidis, D.L. Keeling, F.P. Keenan, M. Kempenaars, O. Kent, J. Kent, K. Keogh, E. Khilkevich, H.-T. Kim, H.T. Kim, R. King, D. King, D.J. Kinna, V. Kiptily, A. Kirk, K. Kirov, A. Kirschner, G. Kizane, M. Klas, C. Klepper, A. Klix, M. Knight, P. Knight, S. Knipe, S. Knott, T. Kobuchi, F. Köchl, G. Kocsis, I. Kodeli, F. Koechl, D. Kogut, S. Koivuranta, Y. Kolesnichenko, Z. Kollo, Y. Kominis, M. Köppen, S. Korolczuk, B. Kos, H.R. Koslowski, M. Kotschenreuther, M. Koubiti, R. Kovaldins, O. Kovanda, E. Kowalska-Strzęciwilk, A. Krasilnikov, V. Krasilnikov, N. Krawczyk, M. Kresina, K. Krieger, J. Leppänen, E. Lerche, A. Lescinskis, B. Lescinskis, S. Lesnoj, M. Leyland, W. Leysen, Y. Li, L. Li, Y. Liang, J. Likonen, J. Linke, Ch. Linsmeier, B. Lipschultz, X. Litaudon, G. Liu, B. Lloyd, V.P. Lo Schiavo, T. Loarer, A. Loarte, B. Lomanowski, P.J. Lomas, J. Lönnroth, J.M. López, R. Lorenzini, U. Losada, M. Loughlin, C. Lowry, T. Luce, R. Lucock, A. Lukin, C. Luna, M. Lungaroni, C.P. Lungu, M. Lungu, A. Lunniss, T. Lunt, I. Lupelli, V. Lutsenko, A. Lyssoivan, P. Macheta, E. Macusova, B. Magesh, C. Maggi, R. Maggiora, S. Mahesan, H. Maier, J. Mailloux, R. Maingi, R. Makwana, A. Malaquias, K. Malinowski, A. Malizia, P. Manas, G. Manduchi, M.E. Manso, P. Mantica, M. Mantsinen, A. Manzanares, Ph. Maquet, Y. Marandet, N. Marcenko, C. Marchetto, O. Marchuk, N. Marconato, A. Mariani, M. Marin, M. Marinelli, M. Marinucci, T. Markovič, D. Marocco, L. Marot, J. Marsh, A. Martin, A. Martín de Aguilera, J.R. Martín-Solís, R. Martone, Y. Martynova, S. Maruyama, M. Maslov, S. Matejcik, M. Mattei, G.F. Matthews, D. Matveev, E. Matveeva, A. Mauriya, F. Maviglia, T. May-Smith, M. Mayer, M.L. Mayoral, D. Mazon, C. Mazzotta, R. McAdams, P.J. McCarthy, K.G. McClements, O. McCormack, P.A. McCullen, D. McDonald, M. McHardy, R. McKean, J. McKehon, L. McNamee, C. Meadowcroft, A. Meakins, S. Medley, S. Meigh, A.G. Meigs, G. Meisl, S. Meiter, S. Meitner, L. Meneses, S. Menmuir, K. Mergia, A. Merle, P. Merriman, Ph. Mertens, S. Meshchaninov, A. Messiaen, H. Meyer, R. Michling, D. Milanesio, F. Militello, E. Militello-Asp, A. Milocco, G. Miloshevsky, F. Mink, S. Minucci, I. Miron, S. Mistry, Y. Miyoshi, J. Mlynář, V. Moiseenko, P. Monaghan, I. Monakhov, S. Moon, R. Mooney, S. Moradi, J. Morales, J. Moran, S. Mordijck, L. Moreira, F. Moro, J. Morris, L. Moser, S. Mosher, D. Moulton, T. Mrowetz, A. Muir, M. Muraglia, A. Murari, A. Muraro, S. Murphy, P. Muscat, N. Muthusonai, C. Myers, N.N. Asakura, B. N’Konga, F. Nabais, R. Naish, J. Naish, T. Nakano, F. Napoli, E. Nardon, V. Naulin, M.F.F. Nave, I. Nedzelskiy, G. Nemtsev, V. Nesenevich, F. Nespoli, A. Neto, R. Neu, V.S. Neverov, M. Newman, S. Ng, M. Nicassio, A.H. Nielsen, D. Nina, D. Nishijima, C. Noble, C.R. Nobs, M. Nocente, D. Nodwell, K. Nordlund, H. Nordman, R. Normanton, J.M. Noterdaeme, S. Nowak, I. Nunes, T. O’Gorman, M. O’Mullane, M. Oberkofler, M. Oberparleiter, T. Odupitan, M.T. Ogawa, M. Okabayashi, H. Oliver, R. Olney, L. Omoregie, J. Ongena, F. Orsitto, J. Orszagh, T. Osborne, R. Otin, A. Owen, T. Owen, R. Paccagnella, L.W. Packer, E. Pajuste, S. Pamela, S. Panja, P. Papp, G. Papp, V. Parail, C. Pardanaud, F. Parra Diaz, A. Parsloe, N. Parsons, M. Parsons, R. Pasqualotto, M. Passeri, A. Patel, S. Pathak, H. Patten, A. Pau, G. Pautasso, R. Pavlichenko, A. Pavone, E. Pawelec, C. Paz Soldan, A. Peackoc, S.-P. Pehkonen, E. Peluso, C. Penot, J. Penzo, K. Pepperell, R. Pereira, E. Perelli Cippo, C. Perez von Thun, V. Pericoli, S. Peruzzo, M. Peterka, P. Petersson, G. Petravich, A. Petre, V. Petržilka, V. Philipps, L. Pigatto, M. Pillon, S. Pinches, G. Pintsuk, P. Piovesan, W. Pires de Sa, A. Pires dos Reis, L. Piron, C. Piron, A. Pironti, F. Pisano, R. Pitts, V. Plyusnin, F.M. Poli, N. Pomaro, O.G. Pompilian, P. Pool, S. Popovichev, M. Poradziński, M.T. Porfiri, C. Porosnicu, M. Porton, G. Possnert, S. Potzel, G. Poulipoulis, T. Powell, V. Prajapati, R. Prakash, I. Predebon, G. Prestopino, D. Price, M. Price, R. Price, D. Primetzhofer, P. Prior, G. Pucella, P. Puglia, M.E. Puiatti, K. Purahoo, I. Pusztai, Th. Pütterich, E. Rachlew, M. Rack, R. Ragona, M. Rainford, P. Raj, A. Rakha, G. Ramogida, S. Ranjan, C.J. Rapson, D. Rasmussen, J.J. Rasmussen, K. Rathod, G. Rattá, S. Ratynskaia, G. Ravera, M. Rebai, A. Reed, D. Réfy, J. Regaña, M. Reich, N. Reid, F. Reimold, M. Reinhart, M. Reinke, D. Reiser, D. Rendell, C. Reux, S.D.A. Reyes Cortes, S. Reynolds, D. Ricci, M. Richiusa, D. Rigamonti, F.G. Rimini, J. Risner, M. Riva, J. Rivero-Rodriguez, C. Roach, R. Robins, S. Robinson, D. Robson, R. Rodionov, P. Rodrigues, J. Rodriguez, V. Rohde, M. Romanelli, F. Romanelli, S. Romanelli, J. Romazanov, S. Rowe, M. Rubel, G. Rubinacci, G. Rubino, L. Ruchko, C. Ruset, J. Rzadkiewicz, S. Saarelma, R. Sabot, X. Sáez, E. Safi, A. Sahlberg, G. Saibene, M. Saleem, M. Salewski, A. Salmi, R. Salmon, F. Salzedas, U. Samm, D. Sandiford, P. Santa, M.I.K. Santala, B. Santos, A. Santucci, F. Sartori, R. Sartori, O. Sauter, R. Scannell, F. Schluck, T. Schlummer, K. Schmid, S. Schmuck, K. Schöpf, J. Schweinzer, D. Schwörer, S.D. Scott, G. Sergienko, M. Sertoli, A. Shabbir, S.E. Sharapov, A. Shaw, H. Sheikh, A. Shepherd, A. Shevelev, D. Shiraki, A. Shumack, G. Sias, M. Sibbald, B. Sieglin, S. Silburn, J. Silva, A. Silva, C. Silva, D. Silvagni, P. Simmons, J. Simpson, A. Sinha, S.K. Sipilä, A.C.C. Sips, P. Sirén, A. Sirinelli, H. Sjöstrand, M. Skiba, R. Skilton, V. Skvara, B. Slade, R. Smith, P. Smith, S.F. Smith, L. Snoj, S. Soare, E.R. Solano, A. Somers, C. Sommariva, P. Sonato, M. Sos, J. Sousa, C. Sozzi, S. Spagnolo, P. Sparapani, T. Spelzini, F. Spineanu, D. Sprada, S. Sridhar, G. Stables, J. Stallard, I. Stamatelatos, M.F. Stamp, C. Stan-Sion, Z. Stancar, P. Staniec, G. Stankūnas, M. Stano, C. Stavrou, E. Stefanikova, I. Stepanov, A.V. Stephen, M. Stephen, J. Stephens, B. Stevens, J. Stober, C. Stokes, J. Strachan, P. Strand, H.R. Strauss, P. Ström, W. Studholme, F. Subba, E. Suchkov, H.P. Summers, H. Sun, N. Sutton, J. Svensson, D. Sytnykov, T. Szabolics, G. Szepesi, T.T. Suzuki, F. Tabarés, T. Tadić, B. Tal, B. Tál, T. Tala, C. Taliercio, A. Tallargio, K. Tanaka, W. Tang, M. Tardocchi, R. Tatali, D. Taylor, D. Tegnered, G. Telesca, N. Teplova, A. Teplukhina, D. Terranova, C. Terry, D. Testa, E. Tholerus, J. Thomas, V.K. Thompson, A. Thornton, W. Tierens, I. Tiseanu, H. Tojo, M. Tokitani, P. Tolias, M. Tomeš, P. Trimble, M. Tripsky, M. Tsalas, P. Tsavalas, D. Tskhakaya, D. Tskhakaya Jun, I. Turner, M.M. Turner, M. Turnyanskiy, G. Tvalashvili, M. Tyshchenko, A. Uccello, J. Uljanovs, H. Urano, A. Urban, G. Urbanczyk, I. Uytdenhouwen, A. Vadgama, D. Valcarcel, R. Vale, M. Valentinuzzi, K. Valerii, M. Valisa, P. Vallejos Olivares, M. Valovic, D. Van Eester, W. Van Renterghem, G.J. van Rooij, J. Varje, S. Vartanian, K. Vasava, T. Vasilopoulou, M. Vecsei, J. Vega, S. Ventre, G. Verdoolaege, C. Verona, G. Verona Rinati, E. Veshchev, N. Vianello, J. Vicente, E. Viezzer, S. Villari, F. Villone, M. Vincent, P. Vincenzi, I. Vinyar, B. Viola, A. Vitins, Z. Vizvary, M. Vlad, I. Voitsekhovitch, D. Voltolina, U. von Toussaint, P. Vondráček, M. Vukšić, B. Wakeling, C. Waldon, N. Walkden, R. Walker, M. Walker, M. Walsh, N. Wang, E. Wang, N. Wang, S. Warder, R. Warren, J. Waterhouse, C. Watts, T. Wauters, M. Webb, A. Weckmann, J. Weiland, M. Weiland, H. Weisen, M. Weiszflog, P. Welch, A. West, M. Wheatley, S. Wheeler, A.M. Whitehead, D. Whittaker, A.M. Widdowson, S. Wiesen, G. Wilkie, J. Williams, D. Willoughby, J. Wilson, I. Wilson, H.R. Wilson, M. Wischmeier, A. Withycombe, D. Witts, E. Wolfrum, R. Wood, R. Woodley, C. Woodley, S. Wray, J.C. Wright, P. Wright, S. Wukitch, A. Wynn, L. Xiang, T. Xu, Y. Xue, D. Yadikin, Y. Yakovenko, W. Yanling, V. Yavorskij, I. Young, R. Young, D. Young, J. Zacks, R. Zagorski, F.S. Zaitsev, L. Zakharov, R. Zanino, A. Zarins, R. Zarins, D. Zarzoso Fernandez, K.D. Zastrow, M. Zerbini, W. Zhang, Y. Zhou, E. Zilli, A. Zocco, V. Zoita, S. Zoletnik, W. Zwingmann, I. Zychor

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For the past several years, the JET scientific programme (Pamelaet al2007Fusion Eng. Des .82590) has been engaged in a multi-campaign effort, including experiments in D, H and T, leading up to 2020 and the first experiments with 50%/50% D–T mixtures since 1997 and the first ever D–T plasmas with the ITER mix of plasma-facing component materials. For this purpose, a concerted physics and technology programme was launched with a view to prepare the D–T campaign (DTE2). This paper addresses the key elements developed by the JET programme directly contributing to the D–T preparation. This intense preparation includes the review of the physics basis for the D–T operational scenarios, including the fusion power predictions through first principle and integrated modelling, and the impact of isotopes in the operation and physics of D–T plasmas (thermal and particle transport, high confinement mode (H-mode) access, Be and W erosion, fuel recovery, etc). This effort also requires improving several aspects of plasma operation for DTE2, such as real time control schemes, heat load control, disruption avoidance and a mitigation system (including the installation of a new shattered pellet injector), novel ion cyclotron resonance heating schemes (such as the three-ions scheme), new diagnostics (neutron camera and spectrometer, active Alfvèn eigenmode antennas, neutral gauges, radiation hard imaging systems...) and the calibration of the JET neutron diagnostics at 14 MeV for accurate fusion power measurement. The active preparation of JET for the 2020 D–T campaign provides an incomparable source of information and a basis for the future D–T operation of ITER, and it is also foreseen that a large number of key physics issues will be addressed in support of burning plasmas.

    Nuclear Fushion,2019年

    L. Garzotti, C. Challis, R. Dumont, D. Frigione, J. Graves, E. Lerche, J. Mailloux, M. Mantsinen, F. Rimini, F. Casson, A. Czarnecka, J. Eriksson, R. Felton, L. Frassinetti, D. Gallart, J. Garcia, C. Giroud, E. Joffrin, Hyun-Tae Kim, N. Krawczyk, M. Lennholm, P. Lomas, C. Lowry, L. Meneses, I. Nunes, C.M. Roach, M. Romanelli, S. Sharapov, S. Silburn, A. Sips, E. Stefániková, M. Tsalas, D. Valcarcel, M. Valovič

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    The JET exploitation plan foresees D–T operations in 2020 (DTE2). With respect to the first D–T campaign in 1997 (DTE1), when JET was equipped with a carbon wall, the experiments will be conducted in presence of a beryllium–tungsten ITER-like wall and will benefit from an extended and improved set of diagnostics and higher additional heating power (32 MW neutral beam injection  +  8 MW ion cyclotron resonance heating). There are several challenges presented by operations with the new wall: a general deterioration of the pedestal confinement; the risk of heavy impurity accumulation in the core, which, if not controlled, can cause the radiative collapse of the discharge; the requirement to protect the divertor from excessive heat loads, which may damage it permanently. Therefore, an intense activity of scenario development has been undertaken at JET during the last three years to overcome these difficulties and prepare the plasmas needed to demonstrate stationary high fusion performance and clear alpha particle effects. The paper describes the status and main achievements of this scenario development activity, both from an operational and plasma physics point of view.

      Nuclear Fushion,2019年

      F. Carpanese, M. Carr, L. Carraro, A. Casolari, F. Causa, J. Čeřovský, O. Chellaï, P. Chmielewski, D. Choi, N. Christen, G. Ciraolo, L. Cordaro, S. Costea, N. Cruz, A. Czarnecka, A. Dal Molin, P. David, J. Decker, H. De Oliveira, D. Douai, M.B. Dreval, B. Dudson, M. Dunne, B.P. Duval, T. Eich, S. Elmore, O. Embréus, B. Esposito, M. Faitsch, M. Farník, A. Fasoli, N. Fedorczak, F. Felici, S. Feng, X. Feng, G. Ferró, O. Février, S. Coda, M. Agostini, R. Albanese, S. Alberti, E. Alessi, S. Allan, J. Allcock, R. Ambrosino, H. Anand, Y. Andrèbe, H. Arnichand, F. Auriemma, J.M. Ayllon-Guerola, F. Bagnato, J. Ball, M. Baquero-Ruiz, A.A. Beletskii, M. Bernert, W. Bin, P. Blanchard, T.C. Blanken, J.A. Boedo, O. Bogar, T. Bolzonella, F. Bombarda, N. Bonanomi, F. Bouquey, C. Bowman, D. Brida, J. Bucalossi, J. Buermans, H. Bufferand, P. Buratti, G. Calabró, L. Calacci, Y. Camenen, D. Carnevale, O. Ficker, A. Fil, M. Fontana, L. Frassinetti, I. Furno, D.S. Gahle, D. Galassi, K. Gałązka, A. Gallo, C. Galperti, S. Garavaglia, J. Garcia, M. Garcia-Muñoz, A.J. Garrido, I. Garrido, J. Gath, B. Geiger, G. Giruzzi, M. Gobbin, T.P. Goodman, G. Gorini, M. Gospodarczyk, G. Granucci, J.P. Graves, M. Gruca, T. Gyergyek, A. Hakola, T. Happel, G.F. Harrer, J. Harrison, E. Havlíčková, J. Hawke, S. Henderson, P. Hennequin, L. Hesslow, D. Hogeweij, J.-Ph. Hogge, C. Hopf, M. Hoppe, J. Horáček, Z. Huang, A. Hubbard, A. Iantchenko, V. Igochine, P. Innocente, C. Ionita Schrittwieser, H. Isliker, R. Jacquier, A. Jardin, A. Kappatou, A. Karpushov, P.-V. Kazantzidis, D. Keeling, N. Kirneva, M. Komm, M. Kong, J. Kovacic, N. Krawczyk, O. Kudlacek, T. Kurki-Suonio, R. Kwiatkowski, B. Labit, E. Lazzaro, B. Linehan, B. Lipschultz, X. Llobet, R. Lombroni, V.P. Loschiavo, T. Lunt, E. Macusova, J. Madsen, E. Maljaars, P. Mantica, M. Maraschek, C. Marchetto, A. Marco, A. Mariani, C. Marini, Y. Martin, F. Matos, R. Maurizio, B. Mavkov, D. Mazon, P. McCarthy, R. McDermott, V. Menkovski, A. Merle, H. Meyer, D. Micheletti, F. Militello, K. Mitosinkova, J. Mlynář, V. Moiseenko, P.A. Molina Cabrera, J. Morales, J.-M. Moret, A. Moro, R.T. Mumgaard, V. Naulin, R.D. Nem, F. Nespoli, A.H. Nielsen, S.K. Nielsen, M. Nocente, S. Nowak, N. Offeddu, F.P. Orsitto, R. Paccagnella, A. Palha, G. Papp, A. Pau, R.O. Pavlichenko, A. Perek, V. Pericoli Ridolfini, F. Pesamosca, V. Piergotti, L. Pigatto, P. Piovesan, C. Piron, V. Plyusnin, E. Poli, L. Porte, G. Pucella, M.E. Puiatti, T. Pütterich, M. Rabinski, J. Juul Rasmussen, T. Ravensbergen, M. Reich, H. Reimerdes, F. Reimold, C. Reux, D. Ricci, P. Ricci, N. Rispoli, J. Rosato, S. Saarelma, M. Salewski, A. Salmi, O. Sauter, M. Scheffer, Ch. Schlatter, B.S. Schneider, R. Schrittwieser, S. Sharapov, R.R. Sheeba, U. Sheikh, R. Shousha, M. Silva, J. Sinha, C. Sozzi, M. Spolaore, L. Stipani, P. Strand, T. Tala, A.S. Tema Biwole, A.A. Teplukhina, D. Testa, C. Theiler, A. Thornton, G. Tomaž, M. Tomes, M.Q. Tran, C. Tsironis, C.K. Tsui, J. Urban, M. Valisa, M. Vallar, D. Van Vugt, S. Vartanian, O. Vasilovici, K. Verhaegh, L. Vermare, N. Vianello, E. Viezzer, W.A.J. Vijvers, F. Villone, I. Voitsekhovitch, N.M.T. Vu, N. Walkden, T. Wauters, M. Weiland, H. Weisen, M. Wensing, M. Wiesenberger, G. Wilkie, M. Wischmeier, K. Wu, M. Yoshida, R. Zagorski, P. Zanca, J. Zebrowski, A. Zisis, M. Zuin

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      The research program of the TCV tokamak ranges from conventional to advanced-tokamak scenarios and alternative divertor configurations, to exploratory plasmas driven by theoretical insight, exploiting the device's unique shaping capabilities. Disruption avoidance by real-time locked mode prevention or unlocking with electron-cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) was thoroughly documented, using magnetic and radiation triggers. Runaway generation with high- Znoble-gas injection and runaway dissipation by subsequent Ne or Ar injection were studied for model validation. The new 1 MW neutral beam injector has expanded the parameter range, now encompassing ELMy H-modes in an ITER-like shape and nearly non-inductive H-mode discharges sustained by electron cyclotron and neutral beam current drive. In the H-mode, the pedestal pressure increases modestly with nitrogen seeding while fueling moves the density pedestal outwards, but the plasma stored energy is largely uncorrelated to either seeding or fueling. High fueling at high triangularity is key to accessing the attractive small edge-localized mode (type-II) regime. Turbulence is reduced in the core at negative triangularity, consistent with increased confinement and in accord with global gyrokinetic simulations. The geodesic acoustic mode, possibly coupled with avalanche events, has been linked with particle flow to the wall in diverted plasmas. Detachment, scrape-off layer transport, and turbulence were studied in L- and H-modes in both standard and alternative configurations (snowflake, super-X, and beyond). The detachment process is caused by power 'starvation' reducing the ionization source, with volume recombination playing only a minor role. Partial detachment in the H-mode is obtained with impurity seeding and has shown little dependence on flux expansion in standard single-null geometry. In the attached L-mode phase, increasing the outer connection length reduces the in–out heat-flow asymmetry. A doublet plasma, featuring an internal X-point, was achieved successfully, and a transport barrier was observed in the mantle just outside the internal separatrix. In the near future variable-configuration baffles and possibly divertor pumping will be introduced to investigate the effect of divertor closure on exhaust and performance, and 3.5 MW ECRH and 1 MW neutral beam injection heating will be added.